Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enrofloxacin and a low dose of amikacin administered via regional intravenous limb perfusion in standing horses

Abstract

In horses with orthopedic infections, RILP of enrofloxacin (1.5 mg/kg) should be considered as a treatment option. However, care must be taken during administration. A dose of amikacin > 250 mg is recommended to attain effective tissue concentrations via RILP in standing horses.

Distal limb perfusion with amikacin in two horses

“…Το γεγονός αυτό είναι ση μαντικό γιατί, όταν προκύπτουν μεταβολές στην αιμα τική παροχή τοπικά, μειώνεται η κατανομή των συστη ματικά χορηγούμενων αντιμικροβιακών ουσιών στους ιστούς και συνεπώς, η αποτελεσματικότητα τους (Santschi et al 1998, Parra-Sanchez et al 2006. Επίσης, με τά από την DLP οι αρδευόμενοι ιστοί λειτουργούν ως αποθήκη της αντιμικροβιακής ουσίας που συνεχίζει να διαχέεται επί μακρόν μετά την έγχυση (Finsterbush andWeinberg 1972, Rubio-Martinez andCruz 2006).…”

Drug delivery to equine digital lamellar tissue

“…In fact, Janle and Kissinger hypothesised that as ultrafiltration relies on bulk flow across the membrane, it is unlikely substance recovery will be affected by fibrous capsule formation and reduced filtration rates (Janle and Kissinger 1996). This theory is supported by the successful use of ultrafiltration to measure drug concentrations in horses despite apparent decreases in the mean rate of ultrafiltrate collection by approximately 50% over 36 hours (Parra-Sanchez et al 2006), and the use of PAN ultrafiltration membranes in rat pharmacokinetic studies despite biofouling and fibrous capsule formation occurring round PAN membranes in rats ).…”

“…This technique has been validated for antimicrobial delivery to distal limb synovial structures, bone and subcutaneous tissues, and is in frequent clinical use (Parra-Sanchez et al 2006;Rubio-Martinez et al 2006;Levine et al 2010;Beccar-Varela et al 2011;Lallemand et al 2013;Mahne et al 2013). Previously reported complications of RLP include phlebitis, perivasculitis (Parra-Sanchez et al 2006), cellulitis, mild limb swelling and hematoma formation (Beccar-Varela et al 2011), occurring at rates of 12-27% in horses receiving multiple RLPs (Kelmer et al 2012;Rubio-Martinez et al 2012). The efficacy of RLP for targeted delivery to the lamellar tissue is unknown, but is worthwhile to investigate as it has potential as a simple technique for lamellar delivery.…”

“…Following implantation, ultrafiltration probes can be used in unrestrained animals over extended time periods (Linhares and Kissinger 1992). Extensive pharmacokinetic analyses of drugs have been conducted using ultrafiltration probes in equine bone marrow and subcutaneous tissues (Linhares and Kissinger 1992;Spehar 1998;Davis et al 2005;Davis et al 2006;Parra-Sanchez et al 2006), canine subcutaneous tissues (Bidgood and Papich 2002;Bidgood and Papich 2003;Bidgood and Papich 2005), rodent subcutaneous tissues (Linhares and Kissinger 1992;, porcine intramuscular, subcutaneous and intrapleural tissues (Messenger et al 2011) and bovine subcutaneous tissues (Davis et al 2007). …”

“…RLP was performed using peri-neural anaesthesia in the standing sedated horse as previously described (Chapter 4) (Parra-Sanchez, Lugo et al 2006;Kelmer, Bell et al 2013). The tourniquet was kept in place for 45 minutes following the injection.…”