Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol with or without 2% benzyl alcohol following a single induction dose administered intravenously in cats

Griffenhagen, Gregg M.; Rezende, Marlis L.; Gustafson, Daniel L.; Hansen, Ryan J.; Lunghofer, Paul J.; Mama, Khursheed R.

doi:10.1111/vaa.12233

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The limitation of our study is that plasma biochemistry, including hepatic enzyme activity, was not performed before each treatment, although clinical signs of liver failure including ascites, jaundice, hypoactivity and anorexia were not observed. However, the intensity and the duration of the anesthetic effect observed in the present study are similar to those reported previously [7,16,19,20]. In addition, sex differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs used in the present study should be considered.…”

Section: Abstract: Alfaxalone Anesthetic Induction Feline Propofolsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison of the anesthetic effects between 5 mg/kg of alfaxalone and 10 mg/kg of propofol administered intravenously in cats

Tamura

Oyama

Fukui

et al. 2021

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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To compare the anesthetic effects after intravenous administration of alfaxalone or propofol without premedication, either alfaxalone (5 mg/kg) or propofol (10 mg/kg) was administered intravenously over 120 sec in 6 cats. Each cat received the alternate treatment at least a 7-day interval. Anesthetic effects (tolerance of intubation, behavior changes and neurodepressive score) and physiological parameters were evaluated. Both treatments produced a rapid loss of consciousness, no apnea, and physiological parameters were maintained within clinically acceptable ranges apart from transient hypoxemia. The degree of hypoxemia was greater after the propofol treatment compared with the alfaxalone treatment. During the recovery period, more adverse events (ataxia, muscular tremors) were observed after the alfaxalone treatment compared with the propofol treatment.

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Section: Abstract: Alfaxalone Anesthetic Induction Feline Propofolsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison of the anesthetic effects between 5 mg/kg of alfaxalone and 10 mg/kg of propofol administered intravenously in cats

Tamura

Oyama

Fukui

et al. 2021

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Cats that had a caudal epidural required significantly less anesthesia to facilitate urinary catheter placement. Systemic anesthesia, such as propofol or volatile inhalants, can negatively affect the cardiovascular system 23,24 . In critically ill cats with severe metabolic derangements and cardiac arrhythmias, reducing the amount of systemic anesthesia to facilitate urinary catheter placement is an important consideration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective randomized, double‐blinded clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of bupivacaine versus morphine‐bupivacaine in caudal epidurals in cats with urethral obstruction

Pratt

Balakrishnan

McGowan

et al. 2020

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of the caudal epidural technique in cats with urethral obstruction (UO). Design Prospective, double‐blinded, randomized, sham‐controlled study. Animals Eighty‐eight male cats with UO. Interventions Thirty cats randomized to bupivacaine epidural (BUP), 28 cats to bupivacaine‐morphine epidural (BUP/MOR), and 30 cats to sham epidural (SHAM). Measurements and Main Results Time to perform the epidural and efficacy of the epidural was assessed by evaluation of tail and perineal responses. The amount of propofol for urinary catheterization and time to administration of rescue analgesia (buprenorphine) was recorded. Cats were monitored for epidural complications. The median time to perform the epidural was 2 min (range, 0.2‐13 min and range, 0.5‐13 min), with an epidural success rate of 70%. The median amount of propofol administered for urinary catheterization was significantly less in the BUP (2.1 mg/kg; range, 0‐7.5 mg/kg) and MOR/BUP cats (1.85 mg/kg; range, 0‐8.6 mg/kg) as compared to SHAM cats (4 mg/kg; range, 0‐12.7 mg/kg) (P = 0.006, P = 0.0008, respectively). The median time to administration of rescue analgesia was also significantly longer in the BUP (10 h; range, 2‐32 h) and MOR/BUP cats (10 h; range, 4‐45 h) as compared to SHAM cats (4 h; range, 2‐36 h) (P = 0.0026, P = 0.0004, respectively). There were no recognized complications related to the epidural. Conclusion Caudal epidural appears to be safe, may reduce the amount of IV anesthesia needed to facilitate urinary catheterization, and can be used to provide long‐term analgesia in the hospital.

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“…The drug produces dose-dependent cardiorespiratory depression with variable changes in heart rate, decreases in cardiac contractility and respiratory rate, hypoxia, hypercapnia and vasodilation. 52,[89][90][91][92][93] Although hypotension may be observed following propofol administration, it is often mild in healthy cats. 92 Apnea may occur, especially after rapid bolus administration.…”

Section: Propofolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline procedural sedation and analgesia: When, why and how

Simon

Steagall

2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Practical relevance: Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) describes the process of depressing a patient’s conscious state to perform unpleasant, minimally invasive procedures, and is part of the daily routine in feline medicine. Maintaining cardiopulmonary stability is critical while peforming PSA. Clinical challenges: Decision-making with respect to drug choice and dosage regimen, taking into consideration the cat’s health status, behavior, any concomitant diseases and the need for analgesia, represents an everyday challenge in feline practice. While PSA is commonly perceived to be an uneventful procedure, complications may arise, especially when cats that were meant to be sedated are actually anesthetized. Aims: This clinical article reviews key aspects of PSA in cats while exploring the literature and discussing complications and risk factors. Recommendations are given for patient assessment and preparation, clinical monitoring and fasting protocols, and there is discussion of how PSA protocols may change blood results and diagnostic tests. An overview of, and rationale for, building a PSA protocol, and the advantages and disadvantages of different classes of sedatives and anesthetics, is presented in a clinical context. Finally, injectable drug protocols are reported, supported by an evidence-based approach and clinical experience.

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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol with or without 2% benzyl alcohol following a single induction dose administered intravenously in cats

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Comparison of the anesthetic effects between 5 mg/kg of alfaxalone and 10 mg/kg of propofol administered intravenously in cats

Comparison of the anesthetic effects between 5 mg/kg of alfaxalone and 10 mg/kg of propofol administered intravenously in cats

A prospective randomized, double‐blinded clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of bupivacaine versus morphine‐bupivacaine in caudal epidurals in cats with urethral obstruction

Feline procedural sedation and analgesia: When, why and how

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