Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered tigecycline in eye compartments: an experimental study

Abstract

Tigecycline did not reach therapeutically significant levels in the aqueous and the vitreous humor of rabbit eyes. The findings suggest a limited role for intravenously administered tigecycline in the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis.

Pharmacokinetics of tigecycline in turkeys following different routes of administration

“…Presently, we lack any data regarding the PK (especially bioavailability) of TIG in birds. There are single reports on this subject dealing exclusively with humans (Conte, Golden, Kelly, & Zurlinden, ; Hoffmann et al., ; Muralidharan, Micalizzi, Speth, Raible, & Troy, ; Pai, ; Sun et al., ; Xie et al., ) and rats (Munyeza et al., ); in addition to this, the penetration of this drug into the aqueous and vitreous humor in a rabbit uveitis model was explored (Ozcimen et al., ). Moreover, the available databases lack any information on the absorption of TIG from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).…”

Determination of tigecycline in turkey plasma by LC-MS/MS: validation and application in a pharmacokinetic study

“…However, in contrast to LLE extraction, SPE method is time-and labour-consuming, because it includes numerous steps needed to perform the entire extraction process. The literature describes the procedure of sample preparation for LC-MS/MS determination of TIG, which involved the addition of acetonitrile (Conte et al 2005, Muralidharan et al 2005, Ozcimen et al 2014, an internal standard dissolved in acetonitrile (Rodvold et al 2006, Bhattacharya et al 2014 or trifluoroacetic acid (Hoffmann et al 2007, Xie et al 2014) to a sample. However, our test extraction of TIG from turkey plasma with all the above methods was ineffective, which manifested itself by additional, unidentified peaks appearing in chromatograms.…”

“…An obvious advantage of TIG is that it acts against a broad range of gram-positive, gram-negative aerobic, anaerobic, and "atypical" bacteria (Muralidharan et al 2005, Ozcimen et al 2014, including bacterial strains carrying the two major forms of antibiotic resistance, i.e. active efflux and ribosomal protection (Hoffmann et al 2007).…”

“…Most of the methods for determination of TIG in a biological matrix mentioned above lack sufficient information about the settings of a detector, therefore any attempt to their adaptation to animal experiments may cause difficulties and often require optimization followed by repeated validation. Regarding descriptions of methods for TIG determination in animal-derived biological matrices, we have been able to identify just two papers concerning the subject matter (Ozcimen et al 2014, Munyeza et al 2016. Ozcimen et al (2014) described extraction of TIG from rabbit plasma using UV detection, whereas in recently published article Munyeza et al (2016) reported about extraction of TIG from plasma and brain tissue of rats by using of a MS/MS detector.…”

“…Regarding descriptions of methods for TIG determination in animal-derived biological matrices, we have been able to identify just two papers concerning the subject matter (Ozcimen et al 2014, Munyeza et al 2016. Ozcimen et al (2014) described extraction of TIG from rabbit plasma using UV detection, whereas in recently published article Munyeza et al (2016) reported about extraction of TIG from plasma and brain tissue of rats by using of a MS/MS detector. In the former studies sample extraction was not performed, while in latter the TIG extraction was accomplished with a complex method of solid phase extraction (SPE).…”