Pharmacologic Overview of Chlorogenic Acid and its Metabolites in Chronic Pain and Inflammation

Abstract

Background: Natural phenolic compounds in medicinal herbs and dietary plants are antioxidants which play therapeutic or preventive roles in different pathological situations, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. One of the most studied phenolic compounds in the last decade is chlorogenic acid (CGA), which is a potent antioxidant found in certain foods and drinks. Objective: This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive bioactivities of CGA, and the putative mechanisms of action are described. Ethnopharmacological reports related to these bioactivities are also reviewed. Materials and Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted by authors up to October 2019. Original articles were selected. Results: CGA has been shown to reduce inflammation and modulate inflammatory and neuropathic pain in animal models. Conclusion: The consensus of the literature search was that systemic CGA may facilitate pain management via bolstering antioxidant defenses against inflammatory insults.

Nephroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid against sodium arsenite‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis

“…Moreover, CGA200 significantly reduced the creatinine and urea levels induced by As toxicity to normal levels and prevented inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in the kidney following exposure to As by increasing the expression of antioxidants, apoptotic inhibitors, and free radical scavengers. We attribute these results to the presence of the catechol group in CGA, which scavenges intracellular As‐induced and H 2 O 2 ‐induced ROS free radicals and then stimulates the protein expressions of all antioxidants (e.g., CAT and SOD) 11–13 . Moreover, we observed that CGA had a strong antiapoptotic effect, as demonstrated by a significant ability to upregulate the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2 and downregulate the expression of the proapoptotic caspase 3 and Bax.…”

“…The findings of Lafay et al 11 . and Bagdas et al 13 . regarding phenolic compounds (such as CGA) having potential roles in regulating nutrient (e.g., protein and lipid) metabolism in liver tissues may explain the improvements in the bwt of animals following the combined exposure to CGA and arsenite.…”

“…In silico analyses have predicted several pharmacological activities of CGA, including 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH)‐free radical scavenging activity 9,10 . This well established antioxidant can slow the postprandial release of glucose into the bloodstream and has been shown to inhibit oxidative stress in human intestinal epithelial cells and reduce/modulate inflammation and neuropathic pain in animal models 11–13 . Previous studies have identified CGA as an effective antioxidant, antibiotic, anti‐inflammatory and antipyretic agent 14 .…”

Effect of Dose and Timing of Burdock (Arctium lappa) Root Intake on Intestinal Microbiota of Mice

“…Stress and corticosterone are known to cause dysbiosis of the gut microbiota [54,55], and a high level of glucocorticoid in the morning but not in the evening may be involved in this response. Chlorogenic acid derived from the A. lappa causes the increase of diversity [56]. If chlorogenic acid taken in the evening showed a stronger effect, as with catechin-rich tea [53], A. lappa root powder may provide a stronger effect on microbiota diversity with evening intake.…”

The influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the Perilla frutescens leaf extract: Changes in the active compounds and bioactivities

“…Three phenolic acids and one flavonoid in PFLE were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD and the results are summarized in Table 1. antidiabetic, and anti-inflammation (Bagdas et al, 2019;Natarajan et al, 2017;Srinivasulu et al, 2018).…”