Pharmacologic therapies of ARDS: From natural herb to nanomedicine

Abstract

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common critical illness in respiratory care units with a huge public health burden. Despite tremendous advances in the prevention and treatment of ARDS, it remains the main cause of intensive care unit (ICU) management, and the mortality rate of ARDS remains unacceptably high. The poor performance of ARDS is closely related to its heterogeneous clinical syndrome caused by complicated pathophysiology. Based on the different pathophysiology phases, drugs, protective mechanical ventilation, conservative fluid therapy, and other treatment have been developed to serve as the ARDS therapeutic methods. In recent years, there has been a rapid development in nanomedicine, in which nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles have been extensively studied in the treatment of ARDS. This study provides an overview of pharmacologic therapies for ARDS, including conventional drugs, natural medicine therapy, and nanomedicine. Particularly, we discuss the unique mechanism and strength of nanomedicine which may provide great promises in treating ARDS in the future.

Synergistic Pulmonoprotective Effect of Natural Prolyl Oligopeptidase Inhibitors in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

“…Taking into consideration that clinical arsenal lacks specific prophylactic and therapeutic therapies against ALI/ARDS, we herein propose a novel combination of NPs, RA and GA, as a potent therapeutic intervention after the establishment of the disease. The use of NPs in therapy based on their cytotoxicity profile might also contribute to the mitigation of side effects, such as severe gastrointestinal irritations, allergic reactions or immunosuppression (such as steroids and immunotherapy [ 48 , 91 , 92 ]), while it could be beneficial against long-term morbidity after critical illness. In this study, for the first time, we proposed a new dose and administration regimen for RA and GA, namely that of intraperitoneal injection, which can be employed in future clinical studies investigating their pulmonoprotective potential.…”

Ascendancy of nanoparticles coated vaccines and their role in future of vaccinology

“…[16]. Table 1 is the summary of the infections documented in this literature that are resistant to antibiotics [17], [18].…”

siRNA-Mediated Timp1 Silencing Inhibited the Inflammatory Phenotype during Acute Lung Injury

“…The second strategy is to fight against the overwhelming inflammation in ALI/ARDS by suppressing pro-inflammatory molecules using siRNA. Gene-targeted strategies based on the silencing of selected genes via siRNA may serve as a viable alternative to traditional pharmacological approaches [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Unfortunately, ALI/ARDS is characterized by large-scale rearrangements in gene expression profiles affecting dozens or even hundreds of genes [ 38 ] and the identification of key genes determining the molecular mechanisms of ALI/ARDS whose upregulation or downregulation could at least alleviate the symptoms and at best cure the disease is a complex and urgent task.…”