Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of polyherbal formulation and its ingredients in cardiovascular disorders using rodents

Malik, Abdul; Mehmood, Malik Hassan; Channa, H.; Akhtar, Muhammad Shoaib; Gilani, Anwarul Hassan

doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1644-0

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Glomerular vasodilatation could induce a podocyte mechanical stretch leading to foot process effacement and, after that, cellular detachment. In agreement to what has been published before [ 38 – 40 ], podocyte stretch induces a decreased podocyte nephrin expression, the main slit diaphragm protein, leading to disturbances in the glomerular filtration function and proteinuria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Protective Effect of Ginkgo biloba and Magnetized Water on Nephropathy in Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rat

Zayed

Saleh

Gomaa

et al. 2018

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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We aimed in our current study to explore the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba (GB) and magnetized water (MW) against nephrotoxicity associating induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rat. Here, we induced diabetes by feeding our lab rats on a high fat-containing diet (4 weeks) and after that injecting them with streptozotocin (STZ). We randomly divided forty rats into four different groups: nontreated control (Ctrl), nontreated diabetic (Diabetic), Diabetic+GB (4-week treatment), and Diabetic+MW (4-week treatment). After the experiment was finished, serum and kidney tissue samples were gathered. Blood levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, and urea were markedly elevated in the diabetic group than in the control group. In all animals treated with GB and MW, the levels of urea, creatinine, and glucose were significantly reduced (all P < 0.01). GB and MW attenuated glomerular and tubular injury as well as the histological score. Furthermore, they normalized the contents of glutathione reductase and SOD2. In summary, our data showed that GB and MW treatment protected type 2 diabetic rat kidneys from nephrotoxic damages by reducing the hyperlipidemia, uremia, oxidative stress, and renal dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Protective Effect of Ginkgo biloba and Magnetized Water on Nephropathy in Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rat

Zayed

Saleh

Gomaa

et al. 2018

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…Glomerular vasodilatation could induce a podocyte mechanical stretch leading to foot process effacement and, after that, cellular detachment. In agreement to what has been published before [30,31], podocyte stretch induces a decreased podocyte nephrin expression, the main slit diaphragm protein, leading to disturbances in the glomerular filtration function and proteinuria. Furthermore, accumulation of edematous fluids in diabetic patients induces an increase in Bowman's space.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorated Diabetic Nephropathy by Autophagy Induction through mTOR Signaling Pathway

Ebrahim¹,

Ahmed²,

Hussien³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Background: diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and a common cause for end stage renal disease. Autophagy has a defensive role against kidney damage caused by hyperglycemia. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived exosomes are currently considered as a new promising therapy in chronic renal injury. However, the renal protective mechanism of exosomes on DN has not been completely understood. We examined the potential role of MSCs derived exosomes in enhancement of autophagy activity and its effect on DN. In our study we used five groups of rats; control, DN, DN treated with exosomes, DN treated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (inhibitors of autophagy) and DN treated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine and exosomes groups. We assessed renal functions, morphology and fibrosis. Moreover, autophagy markers; mTOR, Beclin-1, light chain-3 (LC3-II), and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were detected. Additionally, electron microscopy was used for detection of autophagosomes. Results: Exosomes markedly improved the renal functions and showed histological restoration of renal tissues with significant increase in LC3 and Beclin-1 besides the significant decrease in mTOR and fibrotic markers expression in renal tissue. All previous effects were partially abolished by the autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine and 3-MA. Conclusions: we conclude that autophagy induction by exosomes could attenuate DN in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.

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“…Animals were acclimatized for 5 to 7 days before starting experiment and kept on overnight fasting with free water access before the experiment. All the experiments were conducted in the morning h (in light phase only), while animals were monitored carefully for any unusual behavioral changes [25]. The study protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Board, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan with reference no.…”

Section: Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All antagonists were purchased from Sigma Chemicals Co., St. Louis, MO, USA. The complete blockade of stimulatory effect of the test material in the presence of aforementioned antagonist(s) identified the nature of the constituents in test material mediating gut stimulant effect [25].…”

Section: Determination Of Spasmogenic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in-vivo and in -vitro assays were conducted on mice and the isolated tissues of rabbits and rats, respectively. Based on their anatomical, physiological and genetic commonalities with human biology, murine models are extensively used in research worldwide to establish the efficacy of test material(s) in diarrhea and constipation [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) in diarrhea and constipation involves calcium antagonism and cholinergic mechanisms

Ali

Mehmood

Saleem

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background: Euphorbia hirta (Linn) family Euphorbiaceae has been used in indigenous system of medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. This study was designed to determine the pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of E. hirta in diarrhea and constipation. Methods: The aqueous-methanol extract of whole herb of E. hirta (EH.Cr) and its petroleum ether (Pet.EH), chloroform (CHCl 3 .EH), ethyl acetate (Et.Ac.EH) and aqueous (Aq.EH) fractions were tested in the in-vivo experiments using Balb/c mice, while the in-vitro studies were performed on isolated jejunum and ileum preparations of locally bred rabbit and Sprague Dawley rats, respectively, using PowerLab data system. Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, cardiac glycosides, while HPLC of EH.Cr showed quercetin in high proportion. In mice, EH.Cr at the dose of 500 and 1000 mg/kg showed 41 and 70% protection from castor oil-induced diarrhea, respectively, similar to the effect of quercetin and loperamide, while at lower doses (50 and 100 mg/kg), it caused an increase in the fecal output. In loperamide-induced constipated mice, EH.Cr also displayed laxative effect with respective values of 28.6 and 35.3% at 50 and 100 mg/kg. In rabbit jejunum, EH.Cr showed atropine-sensitive inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner, while quercetin and nifedipine exhibited atropine-insensitive effects. Fractions of E. hirta also produced atropine-sensitive inhibitory effects except Pet.EH and CHCl 3 .EH. On high (80 mM) and low (20 mM) K + − induced contractions, the crude extract and fractions exhibited a concentration-dependent non-specific inhibition of both spasmogens and displaced concentration-response curves of Ca ++ to the right with suppression of the maximum effect similar to the effect quercetin and nifedipine. Fractions showed wide distribution of spasmolytic and Ca ++ antagonist like effects. In rat ileum, EH.Cr and its fractions exhibited atropine-sensitive gut stimulant effects except Pet.EH. Conclusion: The crude extract of E. hirta possesses antidiarrheal effect possibly mediated through Ca ++ antagonist like gut inhibitory constituents, while its laxative effect was mediated primarily through muscarinic receptor agonist like gut stimulant constituents. Thus, these findings provide an evidence to the folkloric use of E. hirta in diarrhea and constipation.

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Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of polyherbal formulation and its ingredients in cardiovascular disorders using rodents

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Protective Effect of Ginkgo biloba and Magnetized Water on Nephropathy in Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rat

Protective Effect of Ginkgo biloba and Magnetized Water on Nephropathy in Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rat

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorated Diabetic Nephropathy by Autophagy Induction through mTOR Signaling Pathway

The use of Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) in diarrhea and constipation involves calcium antagonism and cholinergic mechanisms

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