In an integrative approach, we studied cardiac effects of recently published novel H 2 receptor agonists in the heart of mice that overexpress the human H 2 receptor (H 2 -TG), littermate wild type control mice (WT) and in isolated electrically driven muscle preparations from patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Under our experimental conditions, the H 2 receptor agonists UR-Po563, UR-MB-158 and UR-MB-159 increased force of contraction in left atrium from H 2 -TG with pEC 50 values of 8.27, 9.38, and 8.28, respectively, but not in WT. Likewise, UR-Po563, UR-MB-158 and UR-MB-159increased the beating rate in right atrium from H 2 -TG with pEC 50 values of 9.01, 9.24, and 7.91, respectively, but not in WT. These effects could be antagonized by famotidine, a H 2 receptor antagonist. UR-Po563 (1 µM) increased force of contraction in Langendorff perfused hearts from H 2 -TG but not WT. Similarly, UR-Po563, UR-MB-158 or UR-MB-159 increased the left ventricular ejection fraction in echocardiography of H 2 -TG. Finally, UR-Po563 increased force of contraction in isolated human right atrial muscle strips. The contractile effects of UR-Po563 in H 2 -TG were accompanied by an increase in the phosphorylation state of phospholamban. In summary, we report here three recently developed agonists functionally stimulating human cardiac H 2 receptors in vitro and in vivo.We speculate that these compounds might be of some merit to treat neurological disorders if their cardiac effects are blocked by concomitantly applied receptor antagonists that cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier or might be useful to treat congestive heart failure in patients.