Pharmacological control of blood sugar

Chatterjee, Sudesna; Davies, Melanie J.; Tarigopula, Giridhar

doi:10.1016/j.mpaic.2017.06.017

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) requires lifelong insulin treatment, supplemented by education and psychological support. For T2DM, lifestyle intervention, drug combinations, and more frequent insulin administration are needed compared with T1DM [25] . We found here that metformin affected blood sugar levels, whereas TDS did not obvious, metformin can reduce GSP in the model group, TDS has some effect on GSP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campanumoea javanica Bl. activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and reduces sarcopenia in a T2DM rat model

Zuo

Yao

Zhao

et al. 2022

Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Sarcopenia causes loss of skeletal muscle and function, thus seriously affecting the physical function and quality of life in the elderly. This article discusses the specific molecular mechanism and ameliorating effects of Tudangshen (TDS) on sarcopenia in elderly rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: Elderly Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly selected and fed with a high-fat diet combined with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish T2DM model. The model rats were stratified and randomly divided into the model group, metformin group, TDS high-dose group, TDS medium-dose group, and TDS low-dose group according to blood glucose combined with body weight, and the same batch of old SD rats was set as the normal control group. The effects of TDS in an elderly T2DM sarcopenia rat model were evaluated by observing the body positions of the rats, analyzing blood biochemistry, testing exercise capacity, and pathologically staining sectioned gastrocnemius muscle tissues. The molecular mechanisms of the effects were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.Results: TDS has no statistically significant effect on blood glucose, insulin and glycosylated serum protein in aged rats with T2DM, but it can reduce levels of glycosylated serum protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein; it improves pathological changes in rat gastrocnemius muscle tissues, and increases muscle cell activity in elderly rats with T2DM and sarcopenia. TDS also promoted the upregulation of the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/protein kinase B (PKB/AKT)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ribosomal protein S6 kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding rotein1 mRNA in rats and triggered an increase in corresponding protein levels.Conclusions: TDS alleviated muscle decline in elderly rats with T2DM by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and regulating the synthesis of corresponding proteins.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campanumoea javanica Bl. activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and reduces sarcopenia in a T2DM rat model

Zuo

Yao

Zhao

et al. 2022

Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, which are both thiazolidinediones (TZDs), work by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) [ 31 ], decreasing the IR level, and increasing the response of β-cells towards the glucose level [ 22 , 32 , 33 ]. However, thiazolidines may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease [ 26 ], weight gain, water retention, and edema [ 14 ].…”

Section: Pharmacology Of Thiazolidinedionesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pioglitazone (15 mg/day) effectively reduced aminotransferase and bilirubin levels in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patient within three months of therapy [ 31 ]. Rosiglitazone has been withdrawn due to its effect on the bones and because it may cause an ischemic heart attack [ 33 ]. The most reported side effect of pioglitazone is the occurrence of pleural effusion in diabetic patients [ 34 ].…”

Section: Pharmacology Of Thiazolidinedionesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Case Reports on Metformin, Sulfonylurea, and Thiazolidinedione Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the world’s most common metabolic disease. The development of T2DM is mainly caused by a combination of two factors: the failure of insulin secretion by the pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond to insulin (insulin resistance); therefore, the disease is indicated by a chronic increase in blood glucose. T2DM patients can be treated with mono- or combined therapy using oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin-replaced agents; however, the medication often leads to various discomforts, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, nausea and vomiting, and hypersensitivity reactions. A biguanide drug, metformin, has been used as a first-line drug to reduce blood sugar levels. Sulfonylureas work by blocking the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, directly inducing the release of insulin from pancreatic β-cells and thus decreasing blood glucose concentrations. However, the risk of the failure of sulfonylurea as a monotherapy agent is greater than that of metformin or rosiglitazone (a thiazolidinedione drug). Sulfonylureas are used as the first-line drug of choice for DM patients who cannot tolerate metformin therapy. Other antidiabetic drugs, thiazolidinediones, work by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), decreasing the IR level, and increasing the response of β-cells towards the glucose level. However, thiazolidines may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, weight gain, water retention, and edema. This review article aims to discuss case reports on the use of metformin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones in DM patients. The literature search was conducted on the PubMed database using the keywords ‘metformin OR sulfonylureas OR thiazolidinediones AND case reports’, filtered to ‘free full text’, ‘case reports’, and ‘10 years publication date’. In some patients, metformin may affect sleep quality and, in rare cases, leads to the occurrence of lactate acidosis; thus, patients taking this drug should be monitored for their kidney status, plasma pH, and plasma metformin level. Sulfonylureas and TZDs may cause a higher risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain or edema due to fluid retention. TZDs may be associated with risks of cardiovascular events in patients with concomitant T2DM and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, patients taking these drugs should be closely monitored for adverse effects.

show abstract

Pharmacological control of blood sugar

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Campanumoea javanica Bl. activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and reduces sarcopenia in a T2DM rat model

Campanumoea javanica Bl. activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and reduces sarcopenia in a T2DM rat model

Review of the Case Reports on Metformin, Sulfonylurea, and Thiazolidinedione Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About