Pharmacological Receptors of the Cerebral Arteries of the Goat

Urquilla, Pedro R.; Marco, E.; Lluch, Salvador

doi:10.1159/000158038

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These data also correlate with in vitro data obtained from much larger cerebral vessels in cats and goats. 15 ' 25 However, unlike Wahl et al 26 we were unable to demonstrate any dilation produced by phentolamine, hence we could not provide evidence for adrenergic tone in "resting" vessels. This may be because Wahl et al used doses 10 to 50 times greater than ours.…”

Section: Effects Of Adrenergic Blockerscontrasting

confidence: 66%

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Pial arteriolar responses in the mouse brain revisited.

Rosenblum¹

1976

Stroke

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SUMMARY Arteriolar responses were measured on the cerebral surface of the mouse brain using an image splitter and TV monitor. The response to locally applied norepinephrine (NOR) was significantly more frequent for vessels greater than 30 M ID. than for smaller vessels. However, even the smaller vessels were frequently constricted by NOR in doses of 5 ng per milliliter. Reserpine (S mg per kilogram) failed to alter the response to NOR at either 24 or 72 hours after reserpinization. At 48 hours the threshold dose of NOR was reduced, but the effect was slight (two-tailed, P = 0.08). Both propranolol (10 6 M3 and phentolamine (10 S M) blocked responses to 5 ng per milliliter of NOR, but neither agent altered resting arteriolar diameter. Isoproterenol, tyramine, and histamine had no effect. Serotonin (SHT) constricted the arterioles but did not potentiate the response to NOR. Additive or potentiated effects were not observed with NOR, 5HT or histamine in any combination. These data indicate the presence of alpha-adrenergic receptors in murine cerebral surface arterioles, but do not establish a significant tonic effect of norepinephrine. The existence or role of a beta-receptor in these murine cerebral surface arterioles remains an unsettled question.IN 1963, we reported data concerning microcirculation on the surface of the mouse brain. That report represented an initial summary of data concerning flow patterns and pharmacological responses in this specie. 1 Since then, only one other laboratory appears to have concerned itself with the pharmacological responses of murine cerebral circulation. "4 Meanwhile, a series of papers have appeared from our laboratory describing flow phenomena within this vascular bed of the mouse and the behavior of the vessels themselves. These papers parallel increasing reports, in other species, of the pharmacological responses of cerebral surface vessels observed in vivo and a renewal of the controversy concerning the adrenergic responses of these vessels. 5During our investigations we changed our technique of observation. This change was followed by consistent observations of contractile responses to locally applied norepinephrine (NOR) and to serotonin (5HT), where, previously, we had failed to make such observations. The new data have been presented elsewhere 6 ' 7 together with an account of the change in methodology. What remained unexplained was the reason for the new results.During the same time period, Kontos and co-workers, 8t 9 studying the cat, had also reported negative and then positive findings with respect to the response of surface arterioles or arteries to NOR. They suggested that size of the vessel was the factor determining the presence or absence of a response. The series of experiments and observations reported below was undertaken, in part, to determine whether size of the vessel played a role in our own results. In addition, we wished to repeat some other previously negative studies that had employed our older techniques, in order to determine whether these studie...

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Section: Effects Of Adrenergic Blockerscontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…• 15 Prior to our use of the image splitting-TV technique, we failed to find either a constricting or dilating effect of histamine. 16 We repeated our studies using the newer technique and the larger-sized vessels that have been the major focus since we began using the technique.…”

Section: Effects Of Histaminementioning

confidence: 95%

Pial arteriolar responses in the mouse brain revisited.

Rosenblum¹

1976

Stroke

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“…The sensitivity of cerebral vascular muscle to NE in a number of species, including the cat (Edvinsson and Owman, 1974), goat (Urquilla et al, 1975), and rabbit , is considerably less than in systemic arteries and veins of the same species. This characteristic, combined with an exceedingly dense innervation and the possibility of an endothelial as well as metabolic barriers to intraluminal NE action (McCalden et al, 1977), results in a blood vessel which, although not responsive to circulating catecholamines, is still influenced by neurogenic activity.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of A-and ^-Adrenergic Receptormediated Responsesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Some bases of differences in vascular response to sympathetic activity.

Bevan¹

1979

Circulation Research

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IN 1858 Claude Bemarde summarized much of his research into the physiology of the control of the circulation by the statement that the sympathetic nervous system acted as a "vasoconstrictor nerve." Subsequent study has shown that this division of the autonomic nervous system, although not always constrictor, exerts a control over the tone of both arteries and veins, which is of profound physiological significance. The influence on a particular vascular segment, however, varies widely, both qualitatively and quantitatively, according to its location within the vascular tree.In this brief review, three general patterns of sympathetic control of vascular tone are described (Fig. 1). These are patterns of neuromuscular organization and are distinguished on the basis of both anatomical and functional criteria derived from in vitro studies. They are specific types of relationships between the contractile system of the blood vessel wall, particularly the individual vascular smooth muscle cells, and the postganglionic adrenergic neural terminations. Their adequate description includes a detailed consideration of the transmitter mechanism that links the two types of cells. In general, these patterns vary with vessel diameter and function. In each instance the different neuromuscular organization reflects a different functional role of the blood vessel. Although for convenience, three basic patterns of neuroeffector organization are presented, these are disparate examples selected from the two extremes and probably the middle of a wide-ranging continuum. They have been recognized by parallel structural and functional investigation, the results of which complement each other.

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“…22 The function of this serotonergic innervation is unknown. Because serotonin is a powerful constrictor of major cerebral arteries, [25][26][27] one can assume that it might participate in the control of the cerebral blood flow. Thus, the neurogenic contraction elicited by electrical stimulation of isolated rat basilar artery segments was reduced in the presence of serotonergic antagonists.…”

Section: See Editorial Comment Page 1701mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because 5-HT is a potent constrictor agent of these blood vessels, [25][26][27] it might be expected to cause a change in cerebral blood flow according to the variations of the serotonergic tone. It has been reported that chemical or electrical stimulation of DRN induces a decrease of regional blood flow in several brain areas, 49 -51 whereas systemic administration of 8-OH-DPAT augments cerebral blood flow in different brain regions.…”

Section: Drn Serotonin Levels After Local Injection Of 5-ht (1 G) or mentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Treatments of Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Induce Changes in Serotonergic Activity in Rat Major Cerebral Arteries

Marco

Moreno

Pablo

1999

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-Rat major cerebral arteries seem to receive serotonergic fibers originating from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), but little is known about their function. The aim of our present work was to establish a functional relationship between this brain stem nucleus and the cerebral blood vessels by studying the effects of several treatments in the DRN on cerebrovascular serotonergic activity. Methods-Serotonin, clomipramine, 8-OH-DPAT, and WAY-100635 were administered in DRN. A stereotaxically localized electrode allowed the electrical stimulation of this brain stem nucleus. Serotonergic activity was appraised in major cerebral arteries, striatum, and hippocampus from 5-hydroxytryptophan accumulation after aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibition with NSD-1015. Results-Serotonin significantly decreased serotonergic activity in major cerebral arteries and striatum without affecting it in hippocampus. This reduction was blocked by previous injection of WAY-100635 in DRN. Local administration of 8-OH-DPAT or clomipramine elicited an effect similar to that of serotonin, whereas that of WAY-100635 did not modify serotonergic activity in either of the tissues. Electrical stimulation of DRN significantly increased serotonergic activity in major cerebral arteries and striatum but not in hippocampus. Conclusions-These results confirm the presence of a serotonergic innervation in rat major cerebral arteries functionally related to DRN. 5-HT 1A receptor activation partly mediates the action of serotonin in DRN. A serotonergic tone acting on these somatodendritic receptors was not clearly found. (Stroke. 1999;30:1695-1701.)

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Pharmacological Receptors of the Cerebral Arteries of the Goat

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Pial arteriolar responses in the mouse brain revisited.

Pial arteriolar responses in the mouse brain revisited.

Some bases of differences in vascular response to sympathetic activity.

Local Treatments of Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Induce Changes in Serotonergic Activity in Rat Major Cerebral Arteries

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