Pharmacology of Acetylcholine and Cholinergic Receptors

Kokaz, Sarah Falah; Deb, Pran Kishore; Abed, Sara Nidal; Al‐Aboudi, Amal; Das, Nirupam; Younes, Fatimah Amin; Salou, Ruba Anwar; Bataineh, Yazan A.; Venugopala, Katharigatta N.; Mailavaram, Raghu Prasad

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3556-7_3

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…Phytol, which is common in leaf and callus extracts, has anticancer, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, diuretic, and antimalarial properties [48]. 1-Docosanol acetate acts as a humectant, emulsifier, and thickener in cosmetics [49], whereas acetylcholine bromide acts as a neurotransmitter at cholinergic synapses [50]. Sivasubramanian and Brindha [2] reported that the ethanolic extract of C. punctatum's aerial parts containing Eugenol, Spathulenol, Viridiflorol, Hexadecanoic acid, Phthalic acid, bis (7-methyloctyl) ester, Eicosane, and Squalene had antioxidant and cytotoxic effects with anticancerous potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Propagation and Phytochemical Composition of Centratherum punctatum Cass—A Medicinal Plant

Talan,

Mujib,

Ejaz

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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An effective and reproducible micropropagation protocol was developed for Centratherum punctatum Cass. Successful in vitro initiation of callus and subsequent plant regeneration were obtained on nodal explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators (PGRs). The maximum frequency of callus formation (98.3%) was noted on MS containing 4.0 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 3.5 mg/L Kinetin with a maximum callus weight of 2.02 g. The best shoot induction frequency (100%) with an average of 30.2 shoots per explant was achieved when 4.5 mg/L BAP and 4.0 mg/L Kinetin were added to the MS. The same PGR combination resulted in the best callus-mediated shoot formation (8.3 shoots/callus mass). The highest rhizogenic response (95.3%) with an average 26.1 roots per shoot and root length of 6.2 cm was obtained with 1.0 mg/L Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-supplemented MS medium. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was applied in the present study to analyze the methanolic extracts of the leaf, callus, and root of regenerated C. punctatum shoots to detect the different phytochemical constituents. The leaf extract of the regenerated C. punctatum showed 37 phytocompounds; some important bioactive compounds were the Phytol,1,6-Octadien 3,5-Dimethyl-Cis, 4,8-Dimethylnona-3,8-dien-2-one, 2,6-Octadiene, Stigmasterol, Chondrillasterol, Lanosteryl acetate, etc. In the callus, the extract had a total of 57 phytocompounds; among them, the Stigmasterol, Guanosine, and Tri-decanoic acid were the major ones. In the root extract, the GC-MS revealed a low number of 23 phytocompounds, the important compounds of which were Stigmasterol, Trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative, Chrysantenyl 2-methuylbutanoate, 4-tert-Butoxybutan-1-ol, etc. The order in terms of numbers of phytocompounds present in tissue sources are callus > leaf > root.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Propagation and Phytochemical Composition of Centratherum punctatum Cass—A Medicinal Plant

Talan,

Mujib,

Ejaz

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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“…ACh exerts effects on the DMN and SAN that are similar to those of DA. In humans, ACh activation of nAChRs weakens the DMN and strengthens ICNs, such as the SAN, that are involved in cognition (Kokaz et al, 2020 ). Similarly chemogenetic activation of the basal forebrain of rats decreases the DMN and increases task-positive ICNs (Peeters et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: A Unified Picture Of Neuromodulator Control Of the Claustrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing the Cortical Conductor’s Tempo: Neuromodulation of the Claustrum

Wong

Nair

Augustine

2021

Front. Neural Circuits

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The claustrum is a thin sheet of neurons that is densely connected to many cortical regions and has been implicated in numerous high-order brain functions. Such brain functions arise from brain states that are influenced by neuromodulatory pathways from the cholinergic basal forebrain, dopaminergic substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, and serotonergic raphe. Recent revelations that the claustrum receives dense input from these structures have inspired investigation of state-dependent control of the claustrum. Here, we review neuromodulation in the claustrum—from anatomical connectivity to behavioral manipulations—to inform future analyses of claustral function.

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“…ACh exerts effects on the DMN and SAN that are similar to those of DA. In humans, ACh activation of nAChRs weakens the DMN and strengthens ICNs, such as the SAN, that are involved in cognition (Kokaz et al, 2020). Similarly, chemogenetic activation of the basal forebrain of rats decreases the DMN and increases taskpositive ICNs (Peeters et al, 2020).…”

Section: A Unified Framework Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic modulation of the claustrum

Wong¹

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The contributions of the co-authors are as follows:• I wrote the introduction, dopaminergic, serotonergic and other neuropeptides sections • A. Nair wrote the part on the cholinergic section • A. Nair and I co-wrote the introduction and discussion sections • G.J. Augustine, A. Nair and I conceptualized and revised the manuscript A part of Chapter 2 is published as Graf, M., Nair, A., Wong, K.L.L., Tang, Y., and Augustine, G.J. (2020a). Identification of mouse claustral neuron types based on their intrinsic electrical properties. eNeuro 7(4), ENEURO.

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Pharmacology of Acetylcholine and Cholinergic Receptors

Cited by 5 publications

References 162 publications

In Vitro Propagation and Phytochemical Composition of Centratherum punctatum Cass—A Medicinal Plant

In Vitro Propagation and Phytochemical Composition of Centratherum punctatum Cass—A Medicinal Plant

Changing the Cortical Conductor’s Tempo: Neuromodulation of the Claustrum

Serotonergic modulation of the claustrum

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