Phase behavior and network formation in a cationic surfactant‐fatty alcohol‐water system

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. The Scalp and Hair 2.1. Structure of the Skin and Hair Growth 2.2. Structure of Hair 2.2.1. Morphology 2.2.2. Chemical and Physical Properties 2.2.3. Natural Hair Color 3. Hair Cleansing and Care Preparations 3.1. Shampoos 3.1.1. Composition 3.1.1.1. Surfactants 3.1.1.2. Other Constituents 3.1.2. Types of Shampoo 3.1.3. Dry Shampoos 3.2. Conditioning Agents and Treatments 4. Hairstyling Preparations 4.1. Setting Lotions, Mousses, and Restructurants 4.2. Hair Sprays 4.3. Other Hairstyling Preparations 4.3.1. Gels 4.3.2. Waxes 4.3.3. Emulsion‐Based Styling Products 4.3.3.1. Creams and Pomades 4.3.3.2. Gums/Puttys 4.3.3.3. Serums 5. Hair Coloring Preparations 5.1. Bleaching 5.2. Dyeing 5.2.1. Dyeing with Dye Precursors 5.2.2. Dyeing with Inorganic Compounds 5.2.3. Dyeing with Direct Dyes 5.2.4. Product Forms 5.2.5. Testing Hair Dyes 5.2.6. Dye‐Removal Preparations 6. Waving 6.1. Principles and Methods 6.2. Permanent‐Wave Preparations 6.2.1. Waving Preparations 6.2.2. Neutralizers 6.2.3. Notes on Use 7. Hair Straightening Preparations 8. Hair Removal 8.1. Epilation and Permanent Hair Removal 8.2. Depilation 8.3. Shaving Aids 9. Testing Methods 10. Toxicology and Legal Aspects 10.1. Toxicology 10.1.1. Introduction 10.1.2. Strategy for Safety Assessment of Cosmetics 10.1.3. Test Methods 10.1.3.1. Basic Principles 10.1.3.2. Systemic Toxicity Studies 10.1.3.3. Local Compatibility 10.1.3.4. Sensitizing (Contact‐Allergenic) Potential 10.1.3.5. Mutagenic/Genotoxic Potential 10.1.3.6. Reproductive Toxicology 10.1.3.7. Tumorigenic Potential 10.1.3.8. Toxicokinetics 10.1.4. Description of the Safety Assessment Process 10.2. Legal Aspects 10.2.1. General 10.2.1.1. Legal Aspects in the European Union 10.2.1.2. Legal Aspects in Other Countries 10.2.2. Individual Hair Preparations

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Formation of a liquid crystalline phase between aqueous surfactant solutions and oily substances

Yatagai

Komaki

Nakajima

et al. 1990

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The process in which a ternary liquid crystalline (LC) phase containing surfactant, water and oily substance is formed after contact of aqueous surfactant solution and oily substance was investigated by a combination of (i) microscopic observation in polarized light and (ii) penetration of water‐soluble or oil‐soluble dye into LC phase. The structure of LC phase and the process of its formation were found to be affected by many factors, such as kinds of surfactant, surfactant concentration, alkyl chain length of oil and so on.Oil is supposed to be gradually incorporated into LC phase with time. The fact that parts of LC phase are projected into the exterior surfactant solution, and that the continuous phase within LC phase is water, suggest the possibility of the dispersion of LC phase into the exterior solution.The process of the formation of LC phase implies some contribution to oily dirt removal.The process of the formation of LC phase implies some contribution to oily dirt removal.

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Phase behavior and network formation in a cationic surfactant‐fatty alcohol‐water system

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Formation of a liquid crystalline phase between aqueous surfactant solutions and oily substances

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