Phase behavior of PCBM blends with different conjugated polymers

Zhao, Jun; Bertho, Sabine; Vandenbergh, Joke; Assche, Guy Van; Manca, Jean; Vanderzande, Dirk; Yin, Xiaoqing; Shi, Jingdan; Cleij, Thomas J.; Lutsen, Laurence; Mele, Bruno Van

doi:10.1039/c0cp02814b

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…One challenge is that the AC‐chip calorimetry cannot be readily accessed. TMDSC, which measures the bulk T g , has been utilized to characterize the T g for poly(3‐alkylthiophenes) and phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/conjugated polymer blends, however, its sensitivity is not comparable to AC‐chip calorimetry.…”

Section: Experimental Techniques To Measure Tgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass Transition Phenomenon for Conjugated Polymers

Qian

Cao

Galuska

et al. 2019

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Conjugated polymers are emerging as promising building blocks for a broad range of modern applications including skin‐like electronics, wearable optoelectronics, and sensory technologies. In the past three decades, the optical and electronic properties of conjugated polymers have been extensively studied, while their thermomechanical properties, especially the glass transition phenomenon which fundamentally represents the polymer chain dynamics, have received much less attention. Currently, there is a lack of design rules that underpin the glass transition temperature of these semirigid conjugated polymers, putting a constraint on the rational polymer design for flexible stretchable devices and stable polymer glass that is needed for the devices’ long‐term morphology stability. In this review article, the glass transition phenomenon for polymers, glass transition theories, and characterization techniques are first discussed. Then previous studies on the glass transition phenomenon of conjugated polymers are reviewed and a few empirical design rules are proposed to fine‐tune the glass transition temperature for conjugated polymers. The review paper is finished with perspectives on future directions on studying the glass transition phenomena of conjugated polymers. The goal of this perspective is to draw attention to challenges and opportunities of controlling, predicting, and designing polymeric semiconductors, specifically to accommodate their end use.

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Section: Experimental Techniques To Measure Tgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass Transition Phenomenon for Conjugated Polymers

Qian

Cao

Galuska

et al. 2019

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…This work, however, does not shed light on the exact mechanism by which the nature of the PEDOT:PSS or TiO 2 layer affects the degradation rate. -The thermo-oxidative stability of the studied conjugated polymers (including T g -PPV) was found to be significantly lower than the thermal stabilities assessed in N 2 purge by Zhao et al [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The future challenge for thermal analyses (mainly of the T g -PPV material) is the difficulty of directly assessing the materials in actual thin layers deposited on substrates and, moreover, of performing detailed DSC analyses of these materials in pure forms as well as in layers. The Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 6/10/15 7:36 AM approach designed by Zhao et al [32] using experimental principles already proven successful for low-molecular electrically active pigments [34,35], or the use of Raman and X-ray spectrometries [36] in combination with deeper structural investigations [37], could be useful in this area. Results could be correlated and final schemes devised.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The influence of transport layers on the photodegradation stability of polymer solar cell structures

Možíšková

Heinrichová

Šedina

et al. 2014

Journal of Polymer Engineering

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A light exposure degradation study of electrically active polymers -high-glass-transition-temperature poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene) (T g -PPV); poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT); and poly(2-methoxy-5-(3′-7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MDMO-PPV) -in pure form and blends with [6,6]-phenyl C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was conducted to assess the influence of the employed transport layers on the materials' photodegradation stability. Devices were prepared on quartz glass and silicon (Si) substrates with a transport layer prepared from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) or titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ). Photodegradation processes in ambient air demonstrated that the polymers were thermally stable in the dark; thus, the material deteriorations not only were caused by thermal stress, but also from light-induced processes. Degradation processes of pure polymers may be considered as fast -in the order of hours -but retardable by blending of polymers with PCBM. The deposition of polymer blends on an additional layer of PEDOT:PSS or TiO 2 revealed that the polymer blends studied in this work (except for P3HT) presented higher stability against polymer chain scission when deposited onto the TiO 2 layer. Kinetic analysis undertaken during this work revealed that the photodegradation processes were followed by two degradation steps. Degradation kinetics were evaluated according to a Perrin-like model for absorption assessments and according to simple exponential for emission measurements.

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“…The use of thermocleavable side chains introduced for polythiophene (PT) polymers by Liu et al44 has proven to be one of the most successful ways of increasing the stability of conjugated polymers since the photochemical reactions associated with the side chains are avoided. Thermal elimination of the side chains leads to a more rigid conjugated material, characterized by its high glass transition temperature ( T g ), which has been demonstrated to strongly suppress morphological changes in high‐ T g polymer:PCBM active layers and provides high thermal stability of the photovoltaic characteristics during long‐term operation 28, 45, 46. This observation indicates that the use of a high‐ T g polymer as a donor material can effectively reduce the free movement of the fullerene molecules within the active layer of the photovoltaic device, as long as the temperature is kept below the T g , as also shown previously 28, 29.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Functional Polymers for Increasing the Stability of Organic Photovoltaics

Bundgaard

Helgesen

Carlé

et al. 2013

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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The development of new advanced polymers for improving the stability of OPV is reviewed. Two main degradation pathways for the OPV active layer are identified: photochemically initiated reactions primarily starting in the side chains and morphological changes that degrade the important nanostructure. Chemical units can be introduced that impart an increased stability. Similarly, the morphological degradation of the optimal nanostructure can be reduced. Active polymers and blends with acceptor material are used to create nanoparticle links with controlled size. Most of these advanced polymers and processing methods have only been utilized in small‐scale devices prepared by standard techniques such as spin coating, but a few cases of roll‐to‐roll processed solar cells with heat‐cleaved side chains are discussed.

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Phase behavior of PCBM blends with different conjugated polymers

Cited by 27 publications

References 60 publications

Glass Transition Phenomenon for Conjugated Polymers

Glass Transition Phenomenon for Conjugated Polymers

The influence of transport layers on the photodegradation stability of polymer solar cell structures

Advanced Functional Polymers for Increasing the Stability of Organic Photovoltaics

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