Phase change modifies anthocyanin synthesis in Acer palmatum Thunb. (Japanese maple) cultivars

Abstract

The potential markers of juvenility (cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside) in autumn leaves of seven Acer palmatum Thunb. cultivars were investigated. Three shoot positions were marked on each cultivarcrown shoot, middle shoot, and basal shoot-and the anthocyanins were analyzed using HPLC-MS. The results showed great differences in cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside concentrations among seven cultivars; moreover, significant differences in cyanidin 3-glucoside content levels were also observed among three shoot positions regardless of the cultivar analyzed. The concentration decreased basipetally and reached levels up to 52 times higher in leaves obtained from crown shoots in comparison to basal shoot leaves. Therefore, the content level of cyanidin 3-glucoside can be defined as a quantitative marker of positional effect in all the Acer palmatum Thunb. cultivars analyzed. The content level of cyanidin 3-rutinoside did not express the same positional dependence.

Transcriptome analysis based on a combination of sequencing platforms provides insights into leaf pigmentation in Acer rubrum

“…The Iso-Seq library was prepared as follows: (1) Oligo (dT) enriched mRNA; (2) Reverse transcription of mRNA into cDNA using the Clontech SMARTer PCR cDNA Synthesis Kit; (3) PCR amplification of the enriched cDNA; (4) Fragment screening using the BluePippin Size Selection System; (5) Full-length cDNA for damage repair, end repair, and connection of SMRT dumbbell joints; (6) Exonuclease digestion. The library was qualified and sequenced using the PacBio Sequel platform based on the effective concentration of the library and the data output requirements.…”

“…Cyanidin-3-(2′, 3′-digalloyl-β-glucopyranoside) was the first known case of an anthocyanin diacylated with gallic acid [4], which was isolated from the red leaves of A. platanoides. To date, eight chemical compounds associated with the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin have been identified in Acer plants [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]; however, related substances were not discovered in A. rubrum until recently. Anthocyanins, which comprise a class of flavonoid compounds, provide a wide variety of colors, ranging from red-purple to blue-violet in diverse plant tissues, such as flowers, fruit, leaves, seeds, and roots [11][12][13].…”

Antihyperglycemic, antioxidant activities of two Acer palmatum cultivars, and identification of phenolics profile by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS: New natural sources of functional constituents

“…The leaves and stem were recorded to activate blood, alleviate pain, clear-heat, detoxify and treat rheumatism in Chinese Compendium of Materia Medica. However, until now, available researches on Acer palmatum Thunb are mainly focused on the content and identification of anthocyanins, as well as its variation with seasons (Schmitzer et al, 2009b;Wan et al, 2012). Only Aritomi (1964) and Ishikura (1972) identified 4 flavonoids and 2 anthocyanins from the leaves of Japaneses Acer palmatum.…”

De novo transcriptome sequencing and anthocyanin metabolite analysis reveals leaf color of Acer pseudosieboldianum in autumn

“…The distribution of Rosinidin O-hexoside in plants is very limited and has only been reported in Catharanthus roseus [41] and Primula [12]. In addition, the cyanidin 3-glucoside contents could be used as a quantitative index to determine the color of Acer palmatum 'atropurpureum' [42]. It was also found that the leaf color changing from green to red in A. palmatum was the result of the increase of the mass fraction of cyanidin galactoside and the decrease of the mass fraction of chlorophyll [43].…”