Phase-Coherent Frequency Combs in the Vacuum Ultraviolet via High-Harmonic Generation inside a Femtosecond Enhancement Cavity

Jones, R. Jason; Moll, Kevin D.; Thorpe, Michael J.; Ye, Jun

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.193201

Cited by 470 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We believe that for future implementations of nanostructurebased EUV generation, it is very important to carefully and spectroscopically identify relative contributions from incoherent and coherent processes. To become competitive with other HHG concepts at high repetition rates [77,78,79], the number of participating atomic dipoles should be substantially increased using higher pressures and larger interaction volumes. Nonetheless, the observation of stable nonlinear fluorescence signals is encouraging and may find application where spatial and temporal coherence are not essential, for example in an implementation of near-field EUV lithography.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme-ultraviolet light generation in plasmonic nanostructures

et al. 2013

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The present (cumulative) thesis examines fundamentals of nanostructure-enhanced extreme-ultraviolet light generation in noble gases using two different nanostructure geometries for local field-enhancement. Specifically, resonant antennas and tapered hollow waveguide nanostructures are utilized to enhance low-energy femtosecond laser pulses, which in turn induce light emission from excited xenon, argon and neon atoms and ions. Spectral analysis of this radiation reveals that coherent high-order harmonic generation is not feasible under the examined conditions, contrary to former expectations and reports. Instead, the spectral characteristics unequivocally identify that incoherent fluorescence from multiphoton excited and strong-field ionized gas atoms is the predominant process in such schemes. Furthermore, novel nanostructure-enhanced effects are reported such as surface-enhanced fifth-order harmonic generation (from bow-tie nanoantennas) and the formation of a bistable nanoplasma (in a hollow waveguide). These effects offer intriguing links between nonlinear nano-optics, plasma dynamics and extreme-ultraviolet radiation.v vi

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme-ultraviolet light generation in plasmonic nanostructures

et al. 2013

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“…Recently, with an enhancement factor of 2000, 10 ps pulses were enhanced to 670 kW of intracavity average power. 31 So far, these systems are mainly used for the generation of short-wavelength radiation via intracavity high-harmonic generation [31][32][33][34] or inverse Compton scattering. 35 The SnD concept employs an enhancement cavity for coherent pulse stacking.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A concept for multiterawatt fibre lasers based on coherent pulse stacking in passive cavities

et al. 2014

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Since the advent of femtosecond lasers, performance improvements have constantly impacted on existing applications and enabled novel applications. However, one performance feature bearing the potential of a quantum leap for high-field applications is still not available: the simultaneous emission of extremely high peak and average powers. Emerging applications such as laser particle acceleration require exactly this performance regime and, therefore, challenge laser technology at large. On the one hand, canonical bulk systems can provide pulse peak powers in the multi-terawatt to petawatt range, while on the other hand, advanced solid-state-laser concepts such as the thin disk, slab or fibre are well known for their high efficiency and their ability to emit high average powers in the kilowatt range with excellent beam quality. In this contribution, a compact laser system capable of simultaneously providing high peak and average powers with high wall-plug efficiency is proposed and analysed. The concept is based on the temporal coherent combination (pulse stacking) of a pulse train emitted from a high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser system in a passive enhancement cavity. Thus, the pulse energy is increased at the cost of the repetition rate while almost preserving the average power. The concept relies on a fast switching element for dumping the enhanced pulse out of the cavity. The switch constitutes the key challenge of our proposal. Addressing this challenge could, for the first time, allow the highly efficient dumping of joule-class pulses at megawatt average power levels and lead to unprecedented laser parameters.

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Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator

Del’Haye

Schließer

Arcizet

et al. 2007

Nature

1,985

1,275

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Optical frequency combs [1,2,3] provide equidistant frequency markers in the infrared, visible and ultra-violet [4,5] and can link an unknown optical frequency to a radio or microwave frequency reference [6,7]. Since their inception frequency combs have triggered major advances in optical frequency metrology and precision measurements [6,7] and in applications such as broadband laser-based gas sensing [8] and molecular fingerprinting [9]. Early work generated frequency combs by intra-cavity phase modulation [10,11], while to date frequency combs are generated utilizing the comb-like mode structure of mode-locked lasers, whose repetition rate and carrier envelope phase can be stabilized [12]. Here, we report an entirely novel approach in which equally spaced frequency markers are generated from a continuous wave (CW) pump laser of a known frequency interacting with the modes of a monolithic high-Q microresonator [13] via the Kerr nonlinearity [14,15]. The intrinsically broadband nature of parametric gain enables the generation of discrete comb modes over a 500 nm wide span (≈ 70 THz) around 1550 nm without relying on any external spectral broadening. Optical-heterodyne-based measurements reveal that cascaded parametric interactions give rise to an optical frequency comb, overcoming passive cavity dispersion. The uniformity of the mode spacing has been verified to within a relative experimental precision of 7.3×10 −18 . In contrast to femtosecond mode-locked lasers[16] the present work represents an enabling step towards a monolithic optical frequency comb generator allowing significant reduction in size, cost and power consumption. Moreover, the present approach can operate at previously unattainable repetition rates [17] exceeding 100 GHz which are useful in applications where the access to individual comb modes is required, such as optical waveform synthesis [18], high capacity telecommunications or astrophysical spectrometer calibration [19].Optical microcavities [20] are owing to their long temporal and small spatial light confinement ideally suited for nonlinear frequency conversion, which has led to a dramatic improvement in the threshold of nonlinear optical light conversion [21]. In contrast to stimulated gain, parametric frequency conversion [22] does not involve coupling to a dissipative reservoir, is broadband as it does not rely on atomic or molecular resonances and constitutes a phase sensitive amplification process, making it uniquely suited for tunable frequency conversion. In the case of a material with inversion symmetry -such as silica -the non linear optical effects are dominated by the third order non linearity. The process is based on four-wave mixing among two pump photons (frequency ν P ) with a signal (ν S ) and idler photon (ν I ) and results in the emergence of (phase coherent) signal and idler sidebands from the vacuum fluctuations at the expense of the pump field (cf. Fig.1). The observation of parametric interactions requires two conditions to be satisfied. First momentum conservation...

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Phase-Coherent Frequency Combs in the Vacuum Ultraviolet via High-Harmonic Generation inside a Femtosecond Enhancement Cavity

Cited by 470 publications

References 31 publications

Extreme-ultraviolet light generation in plasmonic nanostructures

Extreme-ultraviolet light generation in plasmonic nanostructures

A concept for multiterawatt fibre lasers based on coherent pulse stacking in passive cavities

Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator

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