2001
DOI: 10.1016/s0925-3467(00)00046-x
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Phase composition of Z-cut protonated LiNbO3: a Raman study

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Cited by 12 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…According to previous works these four modes correspond to vibrations along the z-axis of Nb ions against the O sublattice leaving Li relatively static ͑ATO 1 mode͒, antiphase vibrations along the z-axis of Li and Nb ions with respect to the O ions ͑ATO 2 mode͒, to rigid rotations of the whole O ion octahedron along the c-axis ͑ATO 3 mode͒, and to stretching vibrations of the O octahedron along the xy-plane ͑ATO 4 mode͒. 23,24,35,36 A general response of all these Raman modes to the presence of extended defects within the LN network is a decrease in intensity. 37 In addition, the presence of structural disorder in the LN lattice will broaden all the observed Raman modes.…”
Section: -Ramanmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…According to previous works these four modes correspond to vibrations along the z-axis of Nb ions against the O sublattice leaving Li relatively static ͑ATO 1 mode͒, antiphase vibrations along the z-axis of Li and Nb ions with respect to the O ions ͑ATO 2 mode͒, to rigid rotations of the whole O ion octahedron along the c-axis ͑ATO 3 mode͒, and to stretching vibrations of the O octahedron along the xy-plane ͑ATO 4 mode͒. 23,24,35,36 A general response of all these Raman modes to the presence of extended defects within the LN network is a decrease in intensity. 37 In addition, the presence of structural disorder in the LN lattice will broaden all the observed Raman modes.…”
Section: -Ramanmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…2 nd run showed clearly that a hysteresis behavior exists, which mean that the structural changes occurring at -100°C while cooling are kept to higher temperatures (-50 to +80°C) while heating as indicated by the abnormal temperature dependence of the intensity and frequency. Savatinova reported a similar behavior concerning a remarkable broadening of the vibrational bands leading to an overlap of the closely spaced bands in addition to the appearance of a new band at 70 cm -1 which was completely absent in the pure crystals of LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 crystals [4,6].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 54%
“…At room temperature LN is a ferroelectric material, characterized with its high electrooptic, piezoelectric and non-linear coefficients, together with high optical damage threshold and large birefringence which allows phase matching in addition to a broad spectral region of transparency (0.4-5 μm). These properties are very attractive for the integrated optics devices properties, and accordingly, serious attention has been paid to the preparation of high quality optical waveguides in this crystal [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The confocal microscope integrated into the Raman spectrometer, along with the precision and repeatability of the computer-controlled To determine the phase composition of the waveguides, we took into account the data provided by Raman spectroscopy, knowing that each H x Li 1−x NbO 3 phase has a specific spectrum [9][10][11][12]. Proton exchange influences both vibration modes in Raman spectra, causing intensity reduction of some of the Raman lines, the appearance of new ones, and the appearance of disorder-induced broadening of some Raman bands [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The Raman spectra were measured with a LabRAM HR800 spectrometer (Horiba Scientific, Jobin Yvon S.A.S.…”
Section: Samples Fabrication and Index Profiles Reconstructionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The existence of six to seven phases of H x Li 1−x NbO 3 (depending on the crystallographic orientation of the main surface of the crystal plate) has been established in waveguides fabricated using various proton exchange techniques, including Proton Exchange, Annealed Proton Exchange, Soft Proton Exchange, Vapor-phase Proton Exchange, and High Index Soft Proton Exchange [9,10,15,19,22,25,27]. The specific Raman and IR reflection/absorption spectra are observed for each phase [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]19,21,24]. Therefore, for identification of any H x Li 1−x NbO 3 phase in waveguides fabricated by other techniques, such as the case of our HiVac-VPE [1][2][3] or Reverse Proton Exchange [24], it is sufficient to use optical spectroscopy data.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%