2012
DOI: 10.1515/htmp-2012-0070
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Phase Development in Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation of Ilmenite Concentrates

Abstract: Abstract:The phase development in the course of carbothermal reduction and nitridation of ilmentie concentrates and synthetic rutile was studied in temperature programmed reduction (623-1873 K) and isothermal reduction experiments. Ilmenites and synthetic rutile were reduced in a tube reactor with continuously flowing hydrogennitrogen mixture or pure nitrogen. The rate and extent of reduction were monitored by online off-gas analysis. Samples reduced to different extent were subjected to XRD and SEM/BSE analys… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…The reduction process was performed in a fixed bed reactor under flowing N2-H2 atmosphere at temperature of 1250ºC for 3 hours using Mukah Balingan Sarawak Coal and Polystyrene. Details of the carbothermal reduction work has been published elsewhere [13][14][15][16][17] . Low-iron TiOxCyNz powder was pressed at pressure of 3 kN for 4 minutes into cylindrical pellets weighing about 2.0 grams.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The reduction process was performed in a fixed bed reactor under flowing N2-H2 atmosphere at temperature of 1250ºC for 3 hours using Mukah Balingan Sarawak Coal and Polystyrene. Details of the carbothermal reduction work has been published elsewhere [13][14][15][16][17] . Low-iron TiOxCyNz powder was pressed at pressure of 3 kN for 4 minutes into cylindrical pellets weighing about 2.0 grams.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, titanium oxycarbonitride (TiOxCyNz) was used as an intermediate phase for TiCl4 production instead of the conventional chlorination using high titanium dioxide (TiO2) feedstocks [3][4][5][6][7] . Mostert et al 6 , have reported that titanium carbonitride produced by reduction and nitridation of titanium oxide obtained from ilmenite and titanium slag were chlorinated successfully at 200-500°C.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…It is shown in Equation ( 11) that ilmenite can be converted to the TiN through the carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CTRN) process. Previous studies by Rezan et al [57,58] reported that the actual phase from the carbothermal reduction and nitridation of ilmenite was TiO x C y N z rather than TiN. On the other hand, the Fe 2 TiO 5 phase was transformed to FeTiO 3 via the reaction of Equation (12).…”
Section: Phase Analysismentioning
confidence: 96%
“…However, low-temperature chlorination is an innovative way of producing TiCl 4 which does not allow impurities such as Mn and Rare Earth Oxides (REO) to be chlorinated [6][7][8]. In addition, TiO x C y N z is a solid solution containing TiO-TiN-TiC phases [9], therefore the chlorination of TiC to TiCl 4 with its mechanism needs to be studied. This paper aims to elucidate the effects of chlorination parameters on the extent of Ti extraction by utilizing statistical design of experiments (DOE) providing a method for analyzing and optimizing the chlorination condition.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%