Phase Diagrams and Physicochemical Properties for the Ternary System (CsCl + NaCl + H₂O) at T = (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K

Abstract

Complete phase diagrams and physico-chemical properties for the ternary system (CsCl + NaCl + H 2 O) were determined at T = (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K, respectively. The X-ray diffraction method and Schreinemaker's wet residue method were used to verify the solid phase. The phase diagrams show this ternary system is a complex type. Three crystallization regions were found corresponding to the single salt NaCl, a compound CsCl•2NaCl•2H 2 O, and a solid solution series [Cs 1−x (Na•H 2 O) x ]Cl (x in [Cs 1−x (Na•H 2 O) x ]Cl changed from 0 to 0.43 (298.15 K), 0.39 (308.15 K), and 0.36 (318.15 K) at each temperature. With rising temperature, the crystallization area of NaCl increased, but CsCl•2NaCl•2H 2 O and [Cs 1−x (Na•H 2 O) x ]Cl decreased simultaneously. However, density and refractive index increased with increasing CsCl concentration.

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium for the Reciprocal Quaternary System (Na+, Cs+//Cl–, SO42––H2O) at T = 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa

“…In order to evaluate the reliability of the experimental data in this work, the solubility data, densities, and refractive indices of the subternary systems at 298.15 K were compared with the results in the literature. 11,18,19 It was found that the experimental results agreed well with the reported data, indicating our experimental and analytical methods were reliable. 2− −H 2 O) system are fundamental for the quaternary system, which are listed in Table 2, and the composition of the liquid phase of the system are listed in Table 4.…”

“…The concentration of Cl – was analyzed by the titration method. The mass fraction of Cs + and SO 4 2– were analyzed by the gravimetric analysis through the precipitation of CsB­(C 6 H 5 ) 4 and BaSO 4 , respectively. , Therein, the uncertainties for the analytical results for Cl – , Cs + , and SO 4 2– are ±0.003, ±0.05, and ±0.0005 (in mass fraction), respectively. Moreover, the concentration of Na + was calculated according to the ion balance of ions and verified by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (Prodigy, Leeman Corp. America).…”

“…Moreover, the phase equilibria and phase diagrams of relevant salt–water systems could not only guide the comprehensive utilization of the resources, but also evaluate and explain the corresponding physicochemical properties, as well as the geochemical behaviors for the enrichment and evolution of brines . Therefore, aiming to provide great guidance for the separation of Cs from the brine resources, the phase equilibria and diagrams of some cesium-containing salt-water systems at multitemperature were investigated, including (CsCl + NaCl + H 2 O) ranging from 298.15 to 318.15 K, (KCl + CsCl + H 2 O) at 328.15 K, (CsCl + Cs 2 SO 4 + H 2 O) at 298.15 K, and (Rb + , Cs + //Cl – , SO 4 2– –H 2 O) at 298.15 K . Although significant advances have been proposed, research studies on the phase equilibrium of cesium-containing systems are limited and insufficient, especially complex systems with multicomponents.…”

“…Moreover, the phase equilibria and phase diagrams of relevant salt−water systems could not only guide the comprehensive utilization of the resources, but also evaluate and explain the corresponding physicochemical properties, as well as the geochemical behaviors for the enrichment and evolution of brines. 10 Therefore, aiming to provide great guidance for the separation of Cs from the brine resources, the phase equilibria and diagrams of some cesium-containing salt-water systems at multitemperature were investigated, including (CsCl + NaCl + H 2 O) ranging from 298.15 to 318.15 K, 11 −H 2 O) at 298.15 K. 14 Although significant advances have been proposed, research studies on the phase equilibrium of cesium-containing systems are limited and insufficient, especially complex systems with multicomponents. In order to further replenish the solubility database of the salt−water system and provide detailed information to guide the separation of Cs from brines, in this paper, the solubilities of (Na + , Cs + //Cl − , SO 4 2− −H 2 O) at T = 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa were studied with the isothermal dissolution method.…”

Stable Phase Equilibrium of the Quaternary System Li2SO4 + Cs2SO4 + MgSO4 + H2O at 298.2 K

“…Hitherto, a series of aqueous solution systems concerning the element lithium or cesium have been investigated, such as the ternary system Li 2 SO 4 + MgSO 4 + H 2 O at 323.15 and 373.15 K; Cs 2 SO 4 + Li 2 SO 4 + H 2 O at 298 K , and 308 K; NaCl + CsCl + H 2 O at 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K; Rb + (Cs + ), Mg 2+ //SO 4 2– + H 2 O at 298.2 K; CsCl 2 + MgCl 2 + H 2 O at 298.15 K; CsCl + KCl + H 2 O and CsBr + KBr + H 2 O at 298.2 K; Na + , Rb + (Cs + )//SO 4 2– + H 2 O at 298.2 K; Cs 2 CO 3 + Rb 2 CO 3 + H 2 O 2 + H 2 O; the quaternary systems Cs 2 SO 4 + CsCl + Rb 2 SO 4 + RbCl + H 2 O and Cs 2 SO 4 + CsCl + K 2 SO 4 + KCl + H 2 O at 298.2 K; Li + , Na + , Cs + //SO 4 2– + H 2 O at 298.2 K; KCl + RbCl + CsCl + H 2 O at 298.15 K; , Li + , K + , Mg 2+ //SO 4 2– + H 2 O at 273.15 K; LiCl + Li 2 SO 4 + Li 2 B 4 O 7 + H 2 O at 273 K; and LiCl + MgCl 2 + Li 2 SO 4 + MgSO 4 + H 2 O at 323.15 K …”