Phase evolution of hydroxapatite coatings suspension plasma sprayed using variable parameters in simulated body fluid

Calcium orthophosphate deposits: Preparation, properties and biomedical applications

“…Namely, there are atmospheric [149][150][151], vacuum and/or lowpressure [152,153], powder [10,123], suspension [154][155][156][157][158][159][160], liquid and/or solution [156], gas [161,162], gas tunnel type [163][164][165], radio frequency [166,167], low energy [168], etc. plasma spraying techniques and all of them are used to deposit CaPO 4 .…”

“…Although biodegradation supposed to be an in vivo process, various in vitro simulations are widely investigated. However, to be closer to the in vivo conditions, the biodegradable assessments of CaPO 4 deposits are performed in various simulating solutions, such as SBF [158,159,289,794,[797][798][799][800][801][802][803][804], HBSS [236,788,805], aqueous saline solution [806,807], Ringer's solution [808,809], PBS [236,810,811], Eagle's minimum essential medium (EMEM) [812], etc. In addition, media containing osteoclast-like cells are used [813].…”

Mg-Containing Hydroxyapatite Coatings Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Titanium

“…Over the last decade, various methods for producing HA coatings on titanium and its alloys have been developed [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] . These include plasma spray [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] , sputtering 19,20 , electrophoretic deposition 21,22 , immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) 23 , biomimetic techniques 24 , sol-gel procedures 25,26 and laser ablation 27 .…”

“…These include plasma spray [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] , sputtering 19,20 , electrophoretic deposition 21,22 , immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) 23 , biomimetic techniques 24 , sol-gel procedures 25,26 and laser ablation 27 . There are, however, some problems related to the hydroxyapatite coatings, such as poor control of the chemical composition and structure and poor coating adhesion to the substrate 5,[28][29][30] .…”

Laser Annealing for Gas-Dynamical Spraying of HA Coating upon a Titanium Surface

“…Physical vapor deposition (PVD), which includes electron beam evaporation, pulsed laser deposition, cathodic arc deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, ion beam assisted deposition and magnetron sputtering, are the most studied methods of HA coating deposition upon titanium based alloys [3,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In these methods, HA powder is heated up to extremely high temperatures and delivered to the substrate surface at a high speed.…”