Phase-Noise and Amplitude-Noise Measurement of DACs and DDSs

Calosso, Claudio; Olaya, Andrea Carolina Cardenas; Rubiola, Enrico

doi:10.1109/fcs.2019.8856100

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The analog potentiometers that are used at the input and output ports of the gyroscope to adjust the coefficients of eigenmode operation impose a significant limitation on the resolution of the eigenmode coefficients and hence limit the level of decoupling between the drive and sense modes, which directly affects the bias instability of the device. The other limiting factor in achieving a lower bias instability is the phase noise of the drive signal, which is generated by the numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) and digital-toanalog converters 31 . The phase noise appears as a signaldependent flicker component at the output of the gyroscope and hence limits the minimum achievable bias instability regardless of the level of the excitation signal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eigenmode operation of piezoelectric resonant gyroscopes

Hodjat-Shamami

Ayazi

2020

Microsyst Nanoeng

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The theory of eigenmode operation of Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes and its implementation on a thin-film piezoelectric gyroscope is presented. It is shown analytically that the modal alignment of resonant gyroscopes can be achieved by applying a rotation transformation to the actuation and sensing directions regardless of the transduction mechanism. This technique is especially suitable for mode matching of piezoelectric gyroscopes, obviating the need for narrow capacitive gaps or DC polarization voltages. It can also be applied for mode matching of devices that require sophisticated electrode arrangements for modal alignment, such as electrostatic pitch and roll gyroscopes with slanted electrodes utilized for out-of-plane quadrature cancellation. Gyroscopic operation of a 3.15 MHz AlN-on-Si annulus resonator that utilizes a pair of high-Q degenerate in-plane vibration modes is demonstrated. Modal alignment of the piezoelectric gyroscope is accomplished through virtual alignment of the excitation and readout electrodes to the natural direction of vibration mode shapes in the presence of fabrication nonidealities. Controlled displacement feedback of the gyroscope drive signal is implemented to achieve frequency matching of the two gyroscopic modes. The piezoelectric gyroscope shows a mode-matched operation bandwidth of ~250 Hz, which is one of the largest open-loop bandwidth values reported for a mode-matched MEMS gyroscope, a small motional resistance of ~1300 Ω owing to efficient piezoelectric transduction, and a scale factor of 1.57 nA/°/s for operation at atmospheric pressure, which greatly relaxes packaging requirements. Eigenmode operation results in an ~35 dB reduction in the quadrature error at the resonance frequency. The measured angle random walk of the device is 0.86°/√h with a bias instability of 125°/h limited by the excess noise of the discrete electronics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eigenmode operation of piezoelectric resonant gyroscopes

Hodjat-Shamami

Ayazi

2020

Microsyst Nanoeng

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“…Firstly, the narrow bandwidth band-pass filter (BPF), which is needed to filter out the 3.4 GHz signal from the 3.417 GHz signal after the mixing, is costly and bulky. Secondly, with the same reference frequency, the phase noise of DDS output signal becomes worse as the output frequency increased [17]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Design Schemementioning

confidence: 87%

A low phase noise microwave source for high‐performance CPT Rb atomic clock

Yun

et al. 2021

Electronics Letters

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Phase noise of the frequency synthesizer is one of the main limitations to the short-term stability of microwave atomic clocks. Here, a lownoise, simple-architecture microwave frequency synthesizer for a coherent population trapping (CPT) clock is demonstrated. The synthesizer is mainly composed of a 100 MHz oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO), a microwave comb generator, and a direct digital synthesizer (DDS). The absolute phase noises of 3.417 GHz signal are measured to be −55 dBc/Hz, −81 dBc/Hz, −111 dBc/Hz and −134 dBc/Hz, respectively, for 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 100 Hz and 1 kHz offset frequencies, which shows only 1 dB deterioration at the second harmonic of the modulation frequency of the atomic clock. The estimated frequency stability of intermodulation effect is 4.7 × 10 −14 at 1 s averaging time, which is about half order of magnitude lower than that of the state-of-the-art CPT Rb clock. Our work offers an alternative microwave synthesizer for high-performance CPT Rb atomic clock.

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“…The method knew a sudden popularity in the late 1990s in Australia [148], [149] and France [150]. We used it for the measurement of frequency stability in piezoelectric quartz resonators [151] and of the phase noise of DACs and DDSs [152]. We demonstrated ultimate sensitivity by adding the correlation for lowest white noise [135] and a multistage bridge for lowest flicker [153].…”

Section: H Bridge (Interferometric) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, Mochizuki et al [158] provide a more detailed treatise, and Sherman and Jördens [159] focus on SDR techniques. The experimental methods for the noise characterization of ADCs for AM/PM noise measurements are shown in [160], and Calosso et al [152] introduce a new method for the measurement of AM and PM noises in DACs and DDSs based on the amplification of the (random) modulation index, with optional AM/PM and PM/AM conversion.…”

Section: Digital Phase Noise and Allan-variance Analyzermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Companion of Enrico’s Chart for Phase Noise and Two-Sample Variances

Rubiola

Vernotte

2023

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Phase noise and frequency (in)stability both describe the fluctuation of stable periodic signals from somewhat different standpoints. Frequency is unique compared to other domains of metrology, in which its fluctuations of interest span at least 14 orders of magnitude, from 10 −4 in a mechanical watch to 10 −18 in atomic clocks. The frequency span of interest is some 12-15 orders of magnitude from μHz to GHz Fourier frequency for phase noise, while the time span over which the fluctuations occur ranges from sub-μs to years integration time for variances. Because this domain is ubiquitous in science and technology, a common language and tools suitable to the variety mentioned are a challenge. This article is at once: 1) a tutorial; 2) a review covering the most important facts about phase noise, frequency noise, and two-sample (Allan and Allan-like) variances; and 3) a user guide to "Enrico's Chart of Phase Noise and Two-Sample Variances." In turn, the Chart is a reference card collecting the most useful concepts, formulas, and plots in a single A4/A-size sheet, intended to be a staple on the desk of whoever works with these topics. The Chart is available under Creative Commons 4.0 CC-BY-NC-ND license from Zenodo,

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Phase-Noise and Amplitude-Noise Measurement of DACs and DDSs

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Eigenmode operation of piezoelectric resonant gyroscopes

Eigenmode operation of piezoelectric resonant gyroscopes

A low phase noise microwave source for high‐performance CPT Rb atomic clock

The Companion of Enrico’s Chart for Phase Noise and Two-Sample Variances

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