Phase sensitivity of complex cells in primary visual cortex

Hietanen, Markus A.; Cloherty, Shaun L.; Kleef, Joshua van; Wang, C.; Dreher, Bogdan; Ibbotson, M.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.01.030

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Note that only those records for which there were a minimum of 20 action potentials and spikelets to the preferred stimulus were included in this analysis, as a low number of spikes systematically alters the F 1 / F 0 ratio (Hietanen et al . ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Functional characterization of spikelet activity in the primary visual cortex

Scholl

Andoni

Priebe

2015

The Journal of Physiology

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Key pointsr In vivo whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in cat visual cortex revealed small deflections in the membrane potential of neurons, termed spikelets.r Spikelet statistics and functional properties suggest these deflections originate from a single, nearby cell.r Spikelets shared a number sensory selectivities with the principal neuron including orientation selectivity, receptive field location and eye preference.r Principal neurons and spikelets did not, however, generally share preferences for depth (binocular disparity).r Cross-correlation of spikelet activity and membrane potential revealed direct effects on the membrane potential of some principal neurons, suggesting that these cells were synaptically coupled or received common input from the cortical network.r Other spikelet-neuron pairs revealed indirect effects, likely to be the result of correlated network events.Abstract Intracellular recordings in the neocortex reveal not only the membrane potential of neurons, but small unipolar or bipolar deflections that are termed spikelets. Spikelets have been proposed to originate from various sources, including active dendritic mechanisms, gap junctions and extracellular signals. Here we examined the functional characteristics of spikelets measured in neurons from cat primary visual cortex in vivo. Spiking statistics and our functional characterization of spikelet activity indicate that spikelets originate from a separate, nearby cell. Spikelet kinetics and lack of a direct effect on spikelet activity from hyperpolarizing current injection suggest they do not arise from electrical coupling to the principal neuron being recorded. Spikelets exhibited matched orientation tuning preference and ocular dominance to the principal neuron. In contrast, binocular disparity preferences of spikelets and the principal neuron were unrelated. Finally, we examined the impact of spikelets on the principal neuron's membrane potential; we did observe some records for which spikelets were correlated with the membrane potential of the principal neuron, suggesting that these neurons were synaptically coupled or received common input from the cortical network.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Functional characterization of spikelet activity in the primary visual cortex

Scholl

Andoni

Priebe

2015

The Journal of Physiology

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“…This gives them the capacity to code the location of oriented edges in an image, i.e., the cells are sensitive to spatial phase. Complex cells show a range of RF characteristics, some with moderate segregation of ON and OFF regions and others with no evidence of segregation, leading to a range of spatial phase sensitivities, from moderate to almost complete phase invariance (Gilbert 1977;Hammond and Ahmed 1985;Henry 1977;Hietanen et al 2013;Hubel and Wiesel 1962;Mechler and Ringach 2002;Spitzer and Hochstein 1988). Recent studies using drifting sinusoidal gratings have shown that some complex cells increase their phase sensitivity as contrast is reduced (cat: Crowder et al 2007;van Kleef et al 2010;monkey: Cloherty and Ibbotson 2015;Henry and Hawken 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial phase sensitivity of complex cells in primary visual cortex depends on stimulus contrast

Meffin

Hietanen

Cloherty

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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[3457][3458][3459][3460][3461][3462][3463][3464][3465][3466][3467][3468][3469][3470] 2010). However, drifting gratings confound the influence of spatial and temporal summation, so here we have stimulated complex cells with gratings that are spatially stationary but continuously reverse the polarity of the contrast over time (contrastreversing gratings). By varying the spatial phase and contrast of the gratings we aimed to establish whether the contrast-dependent phase sensitivity of complex cells results from changes in spatial or temporal processing or both. We found that most of the increase in phase sensitivity at low contrasts could be attributed to changes in the spatial phase sensitivities of complex cells. However, at low contrasts the complex cells did not develop the spatiotemporal response characteristics of simple cells, in which paired response peaks occur 180°out of phase in time and space. Complex cells that increased their spatial phase sensitivity at low contrasts were significantly overrepresented in the supragranular layers of cortex. We conclude that complex cells in supragranular layers of cat cortex have dynamic spatial summation properties and that the mechanisms underlying complex cell receptive fields differ between cortical layers. visual system; cat cortex; area 17; complex cell

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“…Oscillations in spike-responses at the TF of drifting sinusoidal gratings have been found not only in the geniculo-striate visual pathway [22], [23], [27], [28], [53], [60], [61], but also in the ascending tectofugal visual system. Earlier studies revealed stimulus-dependent modulations of neuronal activity in the SC [15], [40], [62], LP-Pul complex [35], Sg [16], [40], as well as from the lateral most part of the AES cortex (insular cortex) [37], and the CN [36], [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Characteristics of Phase Sensitivity and Discharge Rate of Neurons in the Ascending Tectofugal Visual System

et al. 2014

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Drifting gratings can modulate the activity of visual neurons at the temporal frequency of the stimulus. In order to characterize the temporal frequency modulation in the cat’s ascending tectofugal visual system, we recorded the activity of single neurons in the superior colliculus, the suprageniculate nucleus, and the anterior ectosylvian cortex during visual stimulation with drifting sine-wave gratings. In response to such stimuli, neurons in each structure showed an increase in firing rate and/or oscillatory modulated firing at the temporal frequency of the stimulus (phase sensitivity). To obtain a more complete characterization of the neural responses in spatiotemporal frequency domain, we analyzed the mean firing rate and the strength of the oscillatory modulations measured by the standardized Fourier component of the response at the temporal frequency of the stimulus. We show that the spatiotemporal stimulus parameters that elicit maximal oscillations often differ from those that elicit a maximal discharge rate. Furthermore, the temporal modulation and discharge-rate spectral receptive fields often do not overlap, suggesting that the detection range for visual stimuli provided jointly by modulated and unmodulated response components is larger than the range provided by a one response component.

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Phase sensitivity of complex cells in primary visual cortex

Cited by 22 publications

References 41 publications

Functional characterization of spikelet activity in the primary visual cortex

Functional characterization of spikelet activity in the primary visual cortex

Spatial phase sensitivity of complex cells in primary visual cortex depends on stimulus contrast

Spectral Characteristics of Phase Sensitivity and Discharge Rate of Neurons in the Ascending Tectofugal Visual System

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