Phase separation in epoxy resins containing polyethersulphone

Bucknall, C. B.; Partridge, Ivana K.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(83)90120-9

Cited by 489 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Relatively low crosslinked epoxy thermosets can be toughened by the incorporation of elastomer phases, but more highly crosslinked epoxy thermosets were difficult to toughen by the method [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Therefore, highly crosslinked epoxy polymer blends modified with engineering thermoplastic polymers have been researched [7][8][9][10][11]. The improvement in toughness depended on the phase morphology of the epoxy polymer blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of nanostructures generated in epoxy matrices blended with PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA triblock copolymers

Kishi¹,

Kunimitsu²,

Nakashima³

et al. 2015

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Stability of nanostructures of epoxy/acrylic triblock copolymer blends was studied. PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA triblock copolymers (acrylic BCPs) having several compositions on the ratio of the block chains and the molecular weight were initially prepared and were blended with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy thermosets. The blends were cured using phenol novolac with tri phenyl phosphine (TPP) as the catalyst. Several nanostructures, such as spheres, cylinders, curved lamellae, were observed in the cured blends. The nanostructures were controlled by the molecular weight of the immiscible PnBA-block chain and the ratio of the PnBA in the blends. Moreover, the effect of the gel time to the nanostructures was examined by altering the trace amount of the TPP in the blends. The types of the nanostructures were almost kept irrespective of the gel time of the blends when the composition of the blends was maintained. This suggested the stability of the nanostructures of the epoxy/acrylic BCP blends made via the self-assembly mechanism, therefore a phase diagram of the cured blends was proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of nanostructures generated in epoxy matrices blended with PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA triblock copolymers

Kishi¹,

Kunimitsu²,

Nakashima³

et al. 2015

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…These can be pre-formed, such as core-shell rubber (CSR) particles [1,2], or can form by phase-separation of an initially-soluble rubber during curing, for example, carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile random copolymer (CTBN) [3,4]. Similarly, thermoplasticmodification may be used, either with pre-formed particles [5,6] or through phase-separation [7,8]. Other methods include the addition of rigid particles such as silica nanoparticles [9,10], glass microparticles [11,12] or carbon nanotubes [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microstructure and fracture performance of styrene–butadiene–methylmethacrylate block copolymer-modified epoxy polymers

Chong

Taylor

2013

J Mater Sci

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The microstructure and fracture performance of an anhydride-cured epoxy polymer modified with two poly(styrene)-b-1,4-poly(butadiene)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (SBM) block copolymers were investigated in bulk form, and when used as the matrix material in carbon fibre reinforced composites. The 'E21' SBM block copolymer has a higher butadiene content and molecular weight than the 'E41'. A network of aggregated spherical micelles was observed for the E21 SBM modified epoxy, which became increasingly interconnected as the SBM content was increased. A steady increase in the fracture energy was measured with increasing E21 content, from 96 to 511 J/m 2 for 15 wt% of E21. Well-dispersed 'raspberry'-like SBM particles, with a sphere-on-sphere morphology of a poly(styrene) core covered with poly(butadiene) particles, in an epoxy matrix were obtained for loadings up to 7.5 wt% of E41 SBM. This changed to a partially phase-inverted structure at higher E41 contents, accompanied by a significant jump in the measured fracture energy to 1032 J/m 2 at 15 wt% of E41. The glass transition temperatures remained unchanged with the addition of SBM, indicating a complete phase separation. Electron microscopy and cross polarised transmission optical microscopy revealed localised shear band yielding, debonding and void growth as the main toughening mechanisms. Significant improvements in fracture energy were not observed in the fibre composites, indicating poor toughness transfer from the bulk to the composite. The fibre bridging observed for the unmodified epoxy matrix was reduced due to better fibre-matrix adhesion. The size of the crack tip deformation zone in the composites was restricted by the fibres, hence reducing the measured fracture energy compared to the bulk for the toughest matrix materials.

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“…Although CTBN and ATBN oligomers are very efficient in improving the fracture properties of epoxy resins but make the resultant material thermally unstable. To avoid deterioration in the inherent stiffness and strength and a reduction in the glass-transition temperature of the resin, some engineering plastics, such as poly ether sulphone (PES) [7] and poly ether imide [8,9] have been used to produce systems containing rigid, ductile particles dispersed in epoxy resin. Particles of crystalline polymers, such as poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF), poly butylenes terephthalate (PBT) and nylon 6 has been used for the toughening of an aromatic amine cured epoxy resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Chemically Modified Epoxy Resin

Ikram¹,

Munir²

2012

OJSTA

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Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA), having number average molecular weight (M n ) 375, was modified by incorporating the hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based prepolymer using isophorone diisocyanate as a coupling agent. To increase the compatibility between the epoxy resin and HTPB part, polar groups were introduced in the later to achieve physical and chemical interactions between the two phases. The finally modified DGEBA system was cured with amine based hardener. FTIR and 1 H-NMR were used to monitor the whole modification procedure. The rubber particles size and distribution was monitored as a function of HTPB contents in the resin system using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanical properties have shown that the tensile strength, toughness, ductility and impact strength of the modified cured system have been successfully increased at some optimum HTPB contents without affecting the inherent thermal and thermo-mechanical stability associated with DGEBA resin system. Some of the mechanical properties like flexural modulus, tensile modulus and compressive strength decreased with increasing rubber contents.

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Phase separation in epoxy resins containing polyethersulphone

Cited by 489 publications

References 10 publications

Control of nanostructures generated in epoxy matrices blended with PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA triblock copolymers

Control of nanostructures generated in epoxy matrices blended with PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA triblock copolymers

The microstructure and fracture performance of styrene–butadiene–methylmethacrylate block copolymer-modified epoxy polymers

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Chemically Modified Epoxy Resin

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