Phase separation of poly(ethylene glycol)-water-salt systems

Saeki, Susumu; Kuwahara, N.; Nakata, Mitsuo; Kaneko, Motozo

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(77)90007-6

Cited by 65 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The most common thermoresponsive polymers that exhibit LCST behaviour are poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), [1][2][3][4] poly [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA), 5 poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME), 1 and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). 6,7 The chemical structures of their repeating units are shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, one has to be careful when quoting a transition temperature (the LCST or a cloud point) as this is influenced not just by the solvent (or solvent mixtures) and the ionic strength of the solution, but also by the molar mass (MM) and the molar mass distribution (MMD, dispersity, Ð) of the polymer. [4][5][6][7] In certain conditions and usually when the thermoresponsive polymers are combined with other comonomers their aqueous solutions can form physical gels when increasing the temperature. A physical gel is a 3-dimensional (3-D) polymer network that is held together via physical entanglements, hydrogen bonds and/or hydrophobic interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning the gelation of thermoresponsive gels

Constantinou

Georgiou

2016

European Polymer Journal

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Thermoresponsive gels are exciting polymeric materials with many biomedical applications in medical devices, drug delivery, tissue engineering and bio-printing. Also, they have great potential to be used in 3-D printing and thus in the fabrication of many different devices and materials. As it is crucial for the application of these gels to be able to control and tailor the gelation temperature and concentration this was the main focus and point of discussion of this feature article. Thus, it is discussed in detail how by varying the molar mass, composition, stereochemistry and architecture the thermoresponsive properties of these gels are altered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the gelation of thermoresponsive gels

Constantinou

Georgiou

2016

European Polymer Journal

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“…[32][33][34] On the other hand, PEG exhibits a more hydrophilic character than PNIPAM, and thus typically has a phase separation temperature above 100 ºC in salt-free solutions. [35,36] In contrast to PNIPAM, the phase transition of PEG occurs over a relatively broad range of temperatures, which has been suggested to originate from gradual dehydration of the ether bonds. [37,38] Regarding the conformation below the phase separation temperature, PEG chains adopt a helical structure, which transforms into a disclike structure at the fully collapsed state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-responsive diblock and triblock cationic copolymers at the silica/aqueous interface: A QCM-D and AFM study

Moghaddam

Zhu

Nyström

et al. 2017

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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The properties of synthesized diblock poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-poly((3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride) and triblock methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-poly((3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride) cationic copolymers at the silica/aqueous interface are investigated using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Moreover, dynamic light scattering is employed to assess the copolymers in terms of the hydrodynamic size and interchain aggregation. Although viscoelastic Voigt modeling of the QCM-D data suggests a comparable layer thickness for the copolymers on the silica surface, the AFM imaging and colloidal probe measurements reveal significant differences in surface coverage and thickness of the layers, which are discussed and compared with respect to the stabilization effect by the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) block.

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“…Also, the difference in hydrophobicity of the fractionated species is induced by the addition of these lyotropic salts. PEG, which is hydrophilic under normal condition, undergoes salt‐induced phase transition at ambient temperature to a mildly hydrophobic form . Consequently, the greater the number of PEG molecules attached to a protein, the greater was its apparent hydrophobicity, that is, under conditions at which separation was carried out, the unmodified protein was the least hydrophobic species, followed by mono‐, di‐ and tri‐PEGylated protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and analysis of mono‐PEGylated HSA by hydrophobic interaction membrane chromatography

Shang

Wittbold²,

Ghosh

2013

J of Separation Science

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We discuss the purification of mono-PEGylated HSA by hydrophobic interaction membrane chromatography. The hydrophobicity difference between the different fractionated species was induced by the addition of a lyotropic salt that caused phase transition of PEG (hydrophilic under normal condition) to a mildly hydrophobic form. The HSA PEGylation reaction mixture was mixed with lyotropic salt and passed through a stack of hydrophilized polyvinylidene fluoride membrane discs. Unmodified HSA was obtained in the flow through, while the PEGylated forms of the protein bound to the membrane and could be eluted by reducing the salt concentration. Among the three major PEGylated forms of HSA present in the feed (i.e. mono-, di-, and tri-), mono-PEGylated HSA was eluted first and could be resolved from the others. The purified material was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, dynamic light scattering, and SEC combined with multi-angle light scattering. All these analytical techniques indicated the presence of species that has a molar mass consistent with mono-PEGylated HSA. A scaled-down version of the membrane chromatographic methods could be used for the rapid and sensitive analysis of PEGylated proteins.

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Phase separation of poly(ethylene glycol)-water-salt systems

Cited by 65 publications

References 25 publications

Tuning the gelation of thermoresponsive gels

Tuning the gelation of thermoresponsive gels

Thermo-responsive diblock and triblock cationic copolymers at the silica/aqueous interface: A QCM-D and AFM study

Purification and analysis of mono‐PEGylated HSA by hydrophobic interaction membrane chromatography

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