Phase stabilities and photocatalytic activities of P/Zn–TiO2 nanoparticles able to operate under UV–vis light irradiation

Enhancing thermal stability and photocatalytic activity of anatase-TiO2 nanoparticles by co-doping P and Si elements

“…5 gives IR spectra of the gelderived TiO 2 specimens of R = 0 (i.e., Si-TiO 2 ), 0.5 (i.e., P/Si-TiO 2 ), and 1 (i.e., P-TiO 2 ) at 600, 900, and 1000 • C, respectively. At 600 • C, a single-mode absorption band ranging from 1000 to 400 cm −1 was detected for all the specimens; this broad IR absorption band was for Ti-O bonding in anatase-TiO 2 structure [24,28]. The absorption band for P-O bonding (the peak position at 1051 cm −1 ) also appeared in IR spectra of the P-TiO 2 and Si/P-TiO 2 at 600 • C, revealing that phosphorus elements were included in the Ti-O framework [24,28].…”

“…At 600 • C, a single-mode absorption band ranging from 1000 to 400 cm −1 was detected for all the specimens; this broad IR absorption band was for Ti-O bonding in anatase-TiO 2 structure [24,28]. The absorption band for P-O bonding (the peak position at 1051 cm −1 ) also appeared in IR spectra of the P-TiO 2 and Si/P-TiO 2 at 600 • C, revealing that phosphorus elements were included in the Ti-O framework [24,28]. For the Si-TiO 2 specimen at 900 • C, two IR absorption bands: one with its peak position at 526 cm −1 and another with its wave numbers below 463 cm −1 were detected, indicating the formation of rutile-TiO 2 [24] (also evidenced by XRD analysis).…”

“…The absorption band for P-O bonding (the peak position at 1051 cm −1 ) also appeared in IR spectra of the P-TiO 2 and Si/P-TiO 2 at 600 • C, revealing that phosphorus elements were included in the Ti-O framework [24,28]. For the Si-TiO 2 specimen at 900 • C, two IR absorption bands: one with its peak position at 526 cm −1 and another with its wave numbers below 463 cm −1 were detected, indicating the formation of rutile-TiO 2 [24] (also evidenced by XRD analysis). The IR absorption bands for Ti-O bonding in anatase-TiO 2 structure (broad bands at 1000-400 cm −1 ), for P-O bonding (band at 1053 cm −1 ) [28], and/or for P 2 O 7 4− (bands at 1201, 960, and 565 cm −1 ) [23,28] were detected in the specimens of 0 < R ≤ 1 at 900 • C. According to our previous study [23], the detection of P 2 O 7 4− in the specimens implied that some dissolved phosphorus elements were excluded from the Ti-O framework to form (TiO) 2 P 2 O 7 on the surface of the particles.…”

“…It was found that by introducing lanthanide ions [8][9][10][11][12] or phosphorus elements [22][23][24] into Ti-O framework, the anataseto-rutile phase transformation of TiO 2 can be shifted to higher temperatures. The development of high-temperature-stabilized photocatalysts are important for immobilizing photocatalysts on the working objects by chemically bonding because the chemical bonding formation between the oxides and/or metals commonly requires to process at relatively high temperatures.…”

Preparation of thermally stable anatase TiO2 photocatalyst from TiOF2 precursor and its photocatalytic activity

“…One of the drawbacks of metal ion doping is the possible generation of secondary impurity phases which affects phase purity and thus reduces the photocatalytic activity of titania. Nonmetal elements, such as Si [16], P [16][17][18], S [13,19,20], N [13] and F [14,21], were also used as dopant or co-dopant of TiO 2 to extend the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation temperature. Xia et al synthesized La and S elements co-doped TiO 2 photocatalyst [19].…”