Phase transition in ethylenetetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) alternating copolymer. A spectroscopic study

Radice, Stefano; Fanti, Natalino Del; Zerbi, G.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(97)85611-x

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The surface dipoles in ECTFE might exhibit multiplicity due to the substitution of CFCl for CF2, leading to a higher density of dipoles than ETFE and thus enhanced wettability. 16,19,27,28 Therefore, the magnitude of the surface dipoles of the following partially fluorinated polymers is expected to increase in this order: ETFE < ECTFE << PVDF.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electron-withdrawing effect of fluorine decreases with increasing distance along the chain; consequently, the "ionic character" of the hydrogen atom in a CH 2 group reasonably decreases upon moving away from CF2. 28 When one considers the relation of position and proximity of fluorine to hydrogen, the hydrogens of PVDF are the most acidic because fluorines are attached to both neighboring carbons. On the other hand, the hydrogens of ECTFE are the least acidic because the attached chlorine is less electronegative than fluorine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of the Wettability of Partially Fluorinated Polymers Reveals the Surprisingly Strong Acid-Base Character of Poly(vinylidene Fluoride)

Lee¹,

Park²,

Lee³

2011

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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The wettabilities of the partially fluorinated polymers (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), ethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)) were investigated by contact angle measurements. Zisman plots for ETFE and ECTFE exhibited linear relationships, while the Zisman plot for PVDF showed a slight curvature, which was interpreted to indicate strong non-dispersive interactions between the surface and the contacting liquids. The Lifshitz-van der Waals forces of the fluoropolymers were estimated to increase in the order of ETFE < PVDF << ECTFE. An evaluation of the polar or "acid-base" interaction energies showed that PVDF, which possesses the most acidic hydrogens among the examined fluoropolymers, has the strongest acid-base interactions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Wettability of Partially Fluorinated Polymers Reveals the Surprisingly Strong Acid-Base Character of Poly(vinylidene Fluoride)

Lee¹,

Park²,

Lee³

2011

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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“…The source of controversy stems from the unit cell; only recently has the unit cell been proven to be monoclinic rather than orthorhombic for example. Further, multiple researchers have reported a thermal transition at ∼100°C as being a monoclinic (or orthorhombic) to hexagonal transition although the glass transition occurs in this temperature region as well for certain copolymer compositions. In fact, the two temperatures are similar around the most common copolymer composition of equal ethylene and TFE repeat units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical, mechanical, and crystallization properties of ethylene‐tetrafluoroethylene copolymer/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites

Yuan

Guo

Harwell

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were melt‐mixed in a conical twin‐screw extruder with a random copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene. Surprisingly, the electrical percolation threshold of the resultant composites was quite low; ∼0.9 wt %. In fact, this value is as low or lower than the value for most MWCNT/semicrystalline polymer composites made with roughly equivalent aspect ratio tubes mixed in a similar manner, for example, melt mixing. This low percolation threshold, suggestive of good dispersion, occurred even though the polymer surface energy is quite low which should make tubes more difficult to disperse. Dynamic mechanical measurements confirmed the rather low percolation threshold. The effect of nanotubes on crystallization kinetics was quite small; suggesting perhaps that a lack of nucleation which in turn reduces/eliminates an insulating crystalline polymer layer around the nanotubes might explain the low percolation threshold. Finally, the modulus increased with the addition of nanotubes and the strain at break decreased. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41052.

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“…Consequently, ETFEs are intensively explored on the molecular parameters and microstructures [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], thermal and crystallization behaviors [10][11][12][13], and steady-state viscous properties [14][15][16]. However, its capillary flow and high-shear rheological behaviors are scarcely reported, despite their fundamental and technical importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt rheological properties of ETFE: an attempt to illuminate the fluorine-substitution effect

Yuan

et al. 2012

Polym. Bull.

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Flow behaviors and rheological properties of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene alternating copolymer (ETFE) under high-shear conditions were first reported. Flow instabilities, shear and extensional viscosities, and die swell of ETFE were investigated. Rheological behaviors of perfluorinated ethylene propylene copolymers (FEP), partially fluorinated ETFE, and non-fluorinated polyethylenes (PE) were compared for understanding the role of fluorine incursion on materials properties. It is found that (1) ETFE does not have sharkskin region or second smooth region which frequently occurs in FEP and linear PE; (2) critical shear stresses at which surface melt fracture occurs for the three polymers follow the order: FEP \ ETFE \ PE; (3) stable flow region narrows, die swell weakens, and flow activation energy increases when fluorine content of polymer increases. After time-temperature superposition, shifted shear viscosity, extensional viscosity, and elastic data (die swell) present universal scaling characteristic and superpose well in term of the same shift factors.

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Phase transition in ethylenetetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) alternating copolymer. A spectroscopic study

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Analysis of the Wettability of Partially Fluorinated Polymers Reveals the Surprisingly Strong Acid-Base Character of Poly(vinylidene Fluoride)

Analysis of the Wettability of Partially Fluorinated Polymers Reveals the Surprisingly Strong Acid-Base Character of Poly(vinylidene Fluoride)

Electrical, mechanical, and crystallization properties of ethylene‐tetrafluoroethylene copolymer/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites

Melt rheological properties of ETFE: an attempt to illuminate the fluorine-substitution effect

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