Phase transitions and entropy force of charged de Sitter black holes with cloud of string and quintessence

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the combined effects of the cloud of strings and quintessence on the thermodynamics of a Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter black hole. Based on the equivalent thermodynamic quantities considering the correlation between the black hole horizon and the cosmological horizon, we extensively discuss the phase transitions of the space-time. Our analysis prove that similar to the case in AdS space-time, second-order phase transitions could take place under certain conditions, with the absence of first-order phase transition in the charged de Sitter black holes with cloud of string and quintessence. The effects of different thermodynamic quantities on the phase transitions are also quantitatively discussed, which provides a new approach to study the thermodynamic qualities of unstable dS space-time. Focusing on the entropy force generated by the interaction between the black hole horizon and the cosmological horizon, as well as the Lennard-Jones force between two particles, our results demonstrate the strong degeneracy between the entropy force of the two horizons and the ratio of the horizon positions, which follows the surprisingly similar law given the relation between the Lennard-Jones force and the ratio of two particle positions. Therefore, the study of the entropy force between two horizons, is not only beneficial to the deep exploration of the three modes of cosmic evolution, but also helpful to understand the correlation between the microstates of particles in black holes and those in ordinary thermodynamic systems.

Shadow and Photon Sphere of Black Hole in Clouds of Strings and Quintessence

“…The metric of a uncharged static black hole surrounded by quintessence and clouds of strings is given by [62,63]…”

“…The black hole thermodynamics combined effects of the string clouds and quintessence are considered in [62,63]. Afterwards, studies in this area were proposed for charged AdS black hole [64] as well as Lovelock gravity [65].…”

Joule-Thomson expansion of Reissner-Nordström-Anti-de Sitter black holes with cloud of strings and quintessence

“…Here the pressure and density of quintessence are related as p q = ρ q ω, where ω is the quintessential state parameter. By means of the static spherically symmetric line element, we can obtain the line element associated with a charged black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings and quintessence as follows [49,51]…”

“…There are some typical effects of quintessence on black holes that have been studied as well . Up to now, the effects of cloud of strings and quintessence on black holes have been comprehensively studied [47][48][49][50][51][52].…”

Stability of horizon with pressure and volume of d-dimensional charged AdS black holes with cloud of strings and quintessence

“…There has been much interest in deducing and discussing the physical properties of various black holes when they are surrounded by cloud of strings and quintessence [105][106][107][108].…”