Phasing out Leaded Gasoline Will Not End Lead Poisoning in Developing Countries

Finkelman, Jacobo

doi:10.2307/3432745

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The reduction of environmental and occupational lead exposure needs to be prioritized and made a public health issue in Nigeria especially in subjects engaged in risk occupations. In furtherance of this goal, efforts should be intensified to improve the low awareness and regulation of lead exposure and toxicity [41]; while the expected gains from the reduction of leaded gasoline use in the country [62], should be complemented by other strategies which include the reduction of the high level of lead in paint and pigment [63] [64] and other sources of lead exposure [65]. The risk from unregulated ore mining [40] and other artisanal occupational activities which promote lead exposure ought to be reduced through tougher environmental and occupational regulation of lead exposure in order to reduce the high burden and cost of lead exposure and toxicity in Nigeria, with its established impact on cardiovascular related diseases like hypertension [66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Blood Lead, Blood Pressure Connection: An Evaluation of Apparently Healthy Lead Exposed Workers in Nigeria

Alasia¹,

Iyagba²

2019

ODEM

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Objective: There is a paucity of evidence on the lead exposure and blood pressure association in Nigeria where lead exposure is still prevalent and poorly regulated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between lead exposure using blood lead level and blood pressure in Port Harcourt Nigeria. Methodology: A prospective cross sectional comparative study of adult subjects with occupational lead exposure and controls, performed in Port Harcourt, South-south Nigeria. Blood lead measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used as the biomarker of lead exposure while systolic and diastolic blood pressures and other relevant variables were measured and analysed. Results: The mean systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in lead exposed subjects 118.49 (14.67) mmHg compared to controls 113.62 (11.31) mmHg (p = 0.008). No difference was observed in the mean diastolic blood pressure. A higher proportion of subjects had systolic and diastolic pressure > 140 mmHg and >90 mmHg compared to controls 9.47% vs. 1.25% and 10.51% vs. 2.54%, with (p = 0.016), OR = 8.27 < 1.14 < OR < 169.09>, RR = 1.38 < 1.21 < RR < 1.58> and (p = 0.028), OR = 4.59 < 1.00 < OR < 29.15>, RR = 1.33 < 1.13 < RR < 1.55> respectively. There was no significant statistical correlation between blood lead and blood pressure. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate a significant systolic blood pressure elevation and prevalence of hypertension among lead exposed workers in Port Harcourt Nigeria. Lager longitudinal research is needed to evaluate lead exposure and elevated blood pressure association in Nigeria. The findings call for better regulation of occupational lead exposure in Nigeria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Blood Lead, Blood Pressure Connection: An Evaluation of Apparently Healthy Lead Exposed Workers in Nigeria

Alasia¹,

Iyagba²

2019

ODEM

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“…The mortality and morbidity is continually increasing throughout the world due to environmental exposure of heavy metals (Olaifa and Ayodele, 2004). Along with dust, Pb glazed pottery and Pb pigment in toys and pencils is also a source of Pb exposure (Finkelman, 1996). The main targets of Pb include physiological systems like renal, nervous, hematopoietic, immune, reproductive and endocrine system (Anetor et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of serum heavy metal concentration in pregnant and non-pregnant women of district Sargodha: A comparative study

2017

Int. J. Biosci.

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In present study, level of some heavy metals was evaluated among pregnant females living in industrial areas and compared with non-pregnant females in University of Sargodha. Blood samples were collected from females of different age group. The samples were processed through wet acid digestion and flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used for comparison. The mean values of blood Pb (104.4±78.1ppm), Zn (51.9±61ppm), Cd (31.2±19.9ppm) and Cr (10.5±10.7ppm) was significantly higher in pregnant females as compared to nonpregnant females. The present study concludes that increased blood level of Pb, Cd, Cr and decrease level of Cu may be a risk factor for pregnant females.

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“…Most countries are moving toward using MTBE and similar additives to produce only unleaded gasoline. Indeed, in December 1994 at the Summit of the Americas, Central American leaders pledged to eliminate the use of leaded gasoline and most other Latin American countries are moving in that direction (Finkelman, 1996;Howson, Hernández-Avila, & Rall, 1996). Yet Venezuela seems to provide a counter example: Lead pollution is widespread and severe, and despite the importance of eliminating the production and sale of leaded gasoline, the Venezuelan government has yet to take effective measures to that end (Romero, 1992).…”

Section: Venezuelamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The large and increasing number of vehicles in circulation and the low price of fuel has resulted in a drastic increase in the consumption of gasoline in recent years. Despite the decline in the amount of tetraethyl lead used per liter, overall there is an increase in the amount of lead emitted in the atmosphere (Finkelman, 1996). Although lead is not the only contributor to lead exposure (water pipes, lead paint, and industrial smelters are minor sources), it represents 85% of the lead pollution sources in Venezuela.…”

Section: Lead Pollution In Venezuelamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Impact of Leaded Gasoline in Venezuela

Romero¹

1996

The Journal of Environment & Development

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The continued sale of only leaded gasoline in Venezuela by the state-owned petroleum company (PDVSA) has caused significant adverse health effects for a large segment of society. Despite producing and exporting unleaded gasoline, PDVSA imports lead additives. Although the Venezuelangovernment has pledged to offer unleaded gasoline for its internal market, this will not occur in the foreseeable future and both the economic and health costs are likely to be large.

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Phasing out Leaded Gasoline Will Not End Lead Poisoning in Developing Countries

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The Blood Lead, Blood Pressure Connection: An Evaluation of Apparently Healthy Lead Exposed Workers in Nigeria

The Blood Lead, Blood Pressure Connection: An Evaluation of Apparently Healthy Lead Exposed Workers in Nigeria

Level of serum heavy metal concentration in pregnant and non-pregnant women of district Sargodha: A comparative study

The Environmental Impact of Leaded Gasoline in Venezuela

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