Phasmarhabditis zhejiangensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new rhabditid nematode from Zhejiang, China

Wang, Qiujie; Liu, Qizhi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241413

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…By the shape of a female tail, the new species differs from all species of Pellioditis with a cupola-shaped tail joining a slender terminus, i.e., P. bonaquensis 1 Nermuť, Půža, Mekete & Mráček, 2016b , P. huizhouensis Huang et al 2015, P. meridionalis Ivanova & Spiridonov, 2017 , P. papillosa (Schneider, 1866) Andrássy, 1976, P. safricana Ross, Pieterse, Malan & Ivanova, 2018, and P. zhejiangensis Zhang & Liu, 2020. The female tail shape of P. thermalis n. sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Synopsis of gastropod-associated nematodes of Ciscaucasia (Russian Federation) with the description of a new species of Pellioditis Dougherty, 1953 (syn. Phasmarhabditis Andrássy, 1976)

Ivanova,

Spiridonov

2023

J. Helminthol.

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Caucasus is known as one of the few biodiversity hotspots in Europe and is characterised by rich gastropod fauna while the nematode fauna in association with gastropods has remained largely understudied. Surveys conducted in 2019 and 2021 in the North Caucasus of the Russian Federation (Stavropol Upland and western and central parts of Krasnodar Krai) has revealed the presence of three new species of Pellioditis, a facultative parasite of land gastropods, and two species of obligate parasites, the intestinal parasite Angiostoma kimmeriense and a new, still undescribed species of a larval ectoparasite Alloionema sp. The new associations of Cruznema sp. and Rhabditophanes sp. with land gastropods were recorded for the first time in the Russian Federation. The new species of Pellioditis Dougherty, 1953 described here is based on the analysis of morphology and molecular studies of two distant and morphologically distinct strains, thermalis and sindicae. Pellioditis thermalis n. sp. was characterised by females possessing a tail of about 95–100 μm long, broadly conical in shape in the thermalis and sindicae strains, with a rounded anterior part and a subulate terminal part as long as the former; prominent phasmids located at the mid-tail, equatorial vulva position, a lateral field of three ridges (four incisions), males with spicules featuring a hole at the distal tip, ensheathed infective juveniles with average length 717 μm in the thermals strain and 771 μm in the sindicae strain, and exsheathed ones 644 μm and 682 μm, respectively. ITS-based phylogenetic analyses revealed that all Pellioditis species found in Ciscaucasia and Transcaucasia probably belong to two separate clades, with independent evolutionary histories of colonisation of this area. The entire Caucasus range area appears to serve as a biodiversity hotspot for the genus Pellioditis, presumably due to its complicated geological history and repeated isolation events for its terrestrial mollusc hosts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Synopsis of gastropod-associated nematodes of Ciscaucasia (Russian Federation) with the description of a new species of Pellioditis Dougherty, 1953 (syn. Phasmarhabditis Andrássy, 1976)

Ivanova,

Spiridonov

2023

J. Helminthol.

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“…77 Nematodes from the genus Phasmarhabditis are problematic to classify as there are some poorly described species, but currently 18 species have been isolated from terrestrial gastropods, including P. apuliae, P. bohemica, P. bonaquaense, P. californica, P. circassica, P. clausilliae, P. hermaphrodita, P. meridionalis, P. neopapillosa, P. papillosa, P. safricana, P. akhaldaba, P. kenyaensis, P. thesamica, P. quinamensis, P. zhejiangensis and P. tawfiki, and one species (P. huizhouensis) from rotting leaf litter. [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91] There were another two Phasmarhabditis species including P. nidrosienses (isolated from a marine habitat) and P. valida (isolated from littoral detritus), 92 but after revision they were moved to the genus Buetschlinema. 93 It is clear from the numerous surveys carried out over the last 30 years that Phasmarhabditis nematodes are commonly found in many countries from diverse terrestrial gastropod hosts.…”

Section: Slug Parasitic Nematodes and The Genus Phasmarhabditismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirty years of slug control using the parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita and beyond

Rae

Sheehy

McDonald-Howard

2023

Pest Management Science

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Several slug species are highly pestiferous and threaten global sustainable agriculture. Current control methods rely heavily on metaldehyde pellets, which are often ineffective, harm nontarget organisms and have been banned in some countries. A viable alternative is the parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (and recently P. californica), which has been formulated into a biological control agent (Nemaslug®) to control slugs across northern Europe. Nematodes are mixed with water and applied to soil where they seek out slugs, penetrate behind the mantle and kill them in 4–21 days. Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita has been on the market since 1994 and since then there has been ample research on its use. Here we review the research carried out on P. hermaphrodita over the last 30 years since its development and release as a commercial product. We provide information on life cycle, worldwide distribution, history of commercialisation, gastropod immunity, host range, ecological and environmental factors that affect its success in the field, bacterial relationships, and summarise results of field trials. Finally, we suggest future directions for P. hermaphrodita research (and other Phasmarhabditis species) to enhance its use as a biological control agent to control slugs for the next 30 years. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…Moreover, international surveys have been conducted in Europe [7], Asia [43], North America [44], Australia [45] and Africa [46] to identify whether nematodes from other families are associated with molluscs as definitive hosts. Overall, it has been reported that nematode species belonging to the following eight families-Agfidae, Alaninematidae Alloionematidae, Angiostomatidae, Cosmocercidae, Diplogasteridae, Mermithidae and Rhabditidae used molluscs as definitive hosts [40,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65].…”

Section: Nematodes As a Biocontrol Agent Of Slugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Literature Review of Biological and Bio-Rational Control Strategies for Slugs: Current Research and Future Prospects

Barua

Williams

Ross

2021

Insects

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Terrestrial gastropod molluscs (slugs and snails) (Mollusca: Gastropoda) cause significant crop damage around the world. There is no formal approach for differentiating between slugs and snails; however, an organism is usually considered a slug when there is no external shell, or when the shell is small in comparison to the body, and a snail when there is a large external shell. Although snails are an important pest of many crops, this review focuses on slug pests and their nonchemical control measures. A recent study by the UK Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board concluded that the failure to control slugs could cost the UK agriculture industry over GBP 100 million annually, with similar figures reported around the world. Whilst slugs are mostly controlled using chemical molluscicide products, some actives have come under scrutiny due to their detrimental environmental effects and impact on nontarget organisms. This has resulted in the ban of actives such as methiocarb in the UK and EU, and, more recently, the ban of metaldehyde in the UK. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find alternative and effective nontoxic solutions in the interest of global food security. In this paper, we have integrated extant literature on the three main biological control agents of slugs, namely nematodes, carabid beetles and sciomyzid flies, and various promising bio-rational slug control strategies. The review also highlights current research gaps and indicates some relevant potential future directions towards developing environmentally benign slug control solutions.

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Phasmarhabditis zhejiangensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new rhabditid nematode from Zhejiang, China

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Synopsis of gastropod-associated nematodes of Ciscaucasia (Russian Federation) with the description of a new species of Pellioditis Dougherty, 1953 (syn. Phasmarhabditis Andrássy, 1976)

Synopsis of gastropod-associated nematodes of Ciscaucasia (Russian Federation) with the description of a new species of Pellioditis Dougherty, 1953 (syn. Phasmarhabditis Andrássy, 1976)

Thirty years of slug control using the parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita and beyond

A Literature Review of Biological and Bio-Rational Control Strategies for Slugs: Current Research and Future Prospects

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