Phenetic analysis of Curcuma spp. in Yogyakarta, Indonesia based on morphological and anatomical characters

Abstract

Abstract. Sungkawati M, Hidayati L, Daryono BS, Purnomo. 2019. Phenetic analysis of Curcuma spp. in Yogyakarta, Indonesia based on morphological and anatomical characters. Biodiversitas 20: 2340-2347. Curcuma spp., also known as ginger (Zingiberaceae), has economic value in traditional medicine. However, its many morphological variations cause difficulties in identification and classification. Therefore, observation of its morphological and anatomical characteristics, and of the phenetic relationships between Curcuma species, is important. This research aims to determine the specific characteristics of Curcuma spp. and to examine its phenetic relationships based on morphological and anatomical characteristics. The research was conducted in July 2018-February 2019 in the Bantul, Gunungkidul, Sleman and Karanganyar regions. Observation of the anatomical characteristics was conducted on the leaves and rhizomes and the data analyzed according to descriptive and quantitative/numerical methods. Clustering analysis with the Gower General Similarity Coefficient and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the role of each character in groupings. The results of the research found seven species from 23 OTUs observed (C. aeruginosa, C. domestica, C. manga and C. xanthorrhiza, each with four OTUs; C. soloensis and C. zedoaria, with three OTUs each; and C. heyneana with one OTU) and showed that specific morphological characteristics were found in the flesh color rhizome, pseudostem color and midrib color. Specific anatomical characteristics were evident in the secretion cell color and the presence of trichomes on the leaves and rhizomes. The dendrogram shows a 0.70 phenon line consisting of two groups, group A (C. soloensis and C. domestica) fused in a 0.760 similarity index, and group B (C. aeruginosa, C. mangga, C. heyneana, C. soloensis, C. xanthorrhiza and C. zedoaria) fused in a 0.654 similarity index, which means that C. soloensis and C. domestica have a close phenetic relationship. The 0.80 phenon line consisted of five groups: C. domestica, C. soloensis, C. xanthorrhiza, C. zedoaria-C. mangga-C. heyneana and C. aeruginosa.

Distribution, variation, and relationship of Curcuma soloensis Valeton in Java, Indonesia based on morphological characters

“…Samples were identified by matching the morphological data with the description and image of the C. soloensis specimens (Backer and van den Brink 1968;Delin and Larsen 2000;Sasikumar 2005). Samples were observed for their morphological characters and scoring following the Sasikumar descriptors (Sasikumar 2005), using 45 qualitative and quantitative characters (Table 1), which is more than the characters used in earlier study of Sungkawati et al (2019). Cluster analysis and PCA graphics were assisted with MVSP 3.1 software.…”

“…The color of the rhizome is one of the important characters for distinguishing between three species of collected Curcuma (Backer and van den Brink 1968;Valeton 1918). The color of the C. soloensis rhizome in the outer region (cortex) has a brighter color than the color of the rhizome in the region (stele) (Sungkawati et al 2019). Greyed-orange group 163-strong orange-yellow B rhizome flesh on the inside, while the outside is yelloworange group-14-vivid yellow A.…”

“…Morphological characterization and identification were based on C. soloensis relationship analysis based on preexisting identification (Backer and van den Brink 1968;Delin and Larsen 2000;Sasikumar 2005;Sungkawati et al 2019). Based on the characterization and identification it is known that there are two major groups, namely the first group is the collective species Habit Perennial herb, erect to semi-erect, 73-220 cm in height, pseudo-stem yellow-green 144-strong yellow-green A.…”

“…The repetition of C. soloensis, C. zanthorrhiza, and C. longa has a pinnate reinforcement. Maknoi (2006) and Sungkawati et al (2019), states that most of the genus Curcuma has a leaf surface texture that is glabrous and some species have a hairy texture on the lower surface.…”

Genetic Stability Analysis Based on Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat And β-Carotene Content Analysis In Melon (Cucumis melo L. ‘GAMA Melon Parfum’)

“…Cultivars grouping using numerical taxonomy is usually done using a phenetic approach [27]. The approach used to evaluate the phenetic similarity relationship can be in the form of morphological, anatomical, chemical, cytological, isozymic, or DNA characters [28]. Phenetic analysis is an approach that can be used to determine the relationship of a plant or animal based on similar morphological characters.…”