Phenol–formaldehyde‐type resins made from phenol‐liquefied wood for the bonding of particleboard

Hassan, El Barbary; Kim, Moon J.; Wan, Hui

doi:10.1002/app.29521

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…With the CF/PF rising from 50/50 to 60/40, the free formaldehyde content and free phenol content of the Chinese fir-based adhesives (F/P=2:1) decreased from 0,276% to 0,185% and 0,081% to 0,048%, respectively, which were far less than those of control PF resin. The free formaldehyde and free phenol were similar to those of the Chinese fir-based adhesives with higher F/P molar ratios (Hassan et al 2009). As known, the alkaline liquefaction of Chinese fir breaks down lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Study on preparation and properties of phenol-formaldehyde-chinese fir liquefaction copolymer resin

Lin

Sun

Chen

et al. 2014

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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A new zero-waste and zero-pollution composite adhesive labeled Chinese fir-based adhesive for exterior plywood was synthesized by blending alkaline Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) liquid with a small amount of phenol-formaldehyde (PF). The free phenol and free formaldehyde content of the Chinese fir-based adhesive were sharply decreased compared to normal PF resin by more than 50%. The synthetic adhesive show with excellent water resistance and environmental friendliness, which had a 28h boil-dry-boil wet bonding strength of 1,73MPa according to standard JIS K6806-2003 and a formaldehyde emission of 0,045mg/L according to standard JIS A1460-2003. The structural properties and their thermal properties of cured adhesives were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The FT-IR analysis confirmed the expected chemical structure as the Chinese fir liquid reacted with formaldehyde and phenol which occurred at the wavenumbers of 1733, 1698, 1652cm -1 and 1077, 1048 cm -1 . Although the DSC results indicated that the Chinese firbased adhesive's curing need higher temperature than the control PF resin, the higher curing temperature hardly cripple the availability of Chinese fir-based resin in the plywood production.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Study on preparation and properties of phenol-formaldehyde-chinese fir liquefaction copolymer resin

Lin

Sun

Chen

et al. 2014

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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“…Several studies were conducted to formulate liquefied wood resins for bonding plywood (Hassan et al 2009;Hse et al 2009), composite panels ), and phenolic-based foam (Huang et al 2011). Although pilot-scale evaluation of liquefied wood resins as novalac moldings and polyurethane foam showed encouraging results in Japan (Yao 2003), full scale commercial production has yet to be realized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Wood liquefaction with phenol by microwave heating and FTIR evaluation

Hse

Qin

2015

J. For. Res.

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We examined wood liquefaction using phenol and mixed acid catalysts with microwave heating, and compared that with similar processes that use oil bath heating. The reaction time for microwave heating to achieve a residue content was one sixth, one eighteenth, and one twenty-fourth of that from oil bath heating, respectively, for phenol to wood (P/W) ratios of 2.5/1, 2/1 and 1.5/1. A low P/W ratio tended to result in carbonization of liquefied wood due to an insufficient amount of phenol and localized microwave superheating. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) evaluation of the liquefied residue, showed that the liquefaction rates of wood components differed. Hemicellulose was most susceptible to liquefaction, crystalline cellulose was most recalcitrant, and guaiacyl units the most prone to re-condensation. From FTIR, the chemical components and substitution patterns of bonded phenol were similar for both methods.

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“…During the period of liquefaction with phenol as a solvent, the chemical components of biomass will be degraded and decomposed to various oligomers and monomers and will react with phenol to form hydroxyl benzyl derivatives containing the phenolic functional groups, which can react with formaldehyde, just like phenol (Lin et al 2001;Zhang et al 2006). The phenolliquefied biomass is suitable as raw material to prepare novolak-type PF resins (Lin et al 1995;Alma et al 1996;Lee et al 2002a;Lee and Chen 2008;Lee et al 2009) and resoltype PF resins (Lee et al 2002b;Hassan et al 2009), which can be utilized for moldings or adhesives. However, their applicability as raw materials to prepare spherical PF beads is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spherical PF resin beads prepared from phenol-liquefied Bambusa dolichoclada with suspension polymerization

Lee

Chang

et al. 2011

Holzforschung

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Bambusa dolichoclada Hayata (long-shoot bamboo) was liquefied in phenol with H 2 SO 4 as a catalyst. The phenol-liquefied bamboo was then used as a raw material to prepare spherical phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin beads by a suspension polymerization in a two-step process. The influence of the stirring speed (300, 350 and 400 rpm), the stabilizer dosage (3%, 4% and 5%) and the total molar ratio of formaldehyde to free phenol (F/P) (3.0/1, 3.5/1 and 4.0/1) on the properties of spherical PF beads was investigated. The results show that the yield, diameter and dimensional distribution of prepared PF beads were influenced by reaction conditions. The diameter of beads decreased as the stabilizer dosage increased. It had a more uniform dimensional distribution when stirred with a speed of 400 rpm. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis shows that PF beads obtained were not completely cured and the post-curing reaction took place at temperatures exceeded 1508C. As revealed by thermal gravimetric analysis, the char yield was over 60% after heating to 8008C.

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Phenol–formaldehyde‐type resins made from phenol‐liquefied wood for the bonding of particleboard

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

Study on preparation and properties of phenol-formaldehyde-chinese fir liquefaction copolymer resin

Study on preparation and properties of phenol-formaldehyde-chinese fir liquefaction copolymer resin

Wood liquefaction with phenol by microwave heating and FTIR evaluation

Spherical PF resin beads prepared from phenol-liquefied Bambusa dolichoclada with suspension polymerization

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