Spherical PF resin beads prepared from phenol-liquefied Bambusa dolichoclada with suspension polymerization

Abstract

Bambusa dolichoclada Hayata (long-shoot bamboo) was liquefied in phenol with H 2 SO 4 as a catalyst. The phenol-liquefied bamboo was then used as a raw material to prepare spherical phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin beads by a suspension polymerization in a two-step process. The influence of the stirring speed (300, 350 and 400 rpm), the stabilizer dosage (3%, 4% and 5%) and the total molar ratio of formaldehyde to free phenol (F/P) (3.0/1, 3.5/1 and 4.0/1) on the properties of spherical PF beads was investigated. The results show that the yield, diameter and dimensional distribution of prepared PF beads were influenced by reaction conditions. The diameter of beads decreased as the stabilizer dosage increased. It had a more uniform dimensional distribution when stirred with a speed of 400 rpm. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis shows that PF beads obtained were not completely cured and the post-curing reaction took place at temperatures exceeded 1508C. As revealed by thermal gravimetric analysis, the char yield was over 60% after heating to 8008C.

Preparation of spherical activated phenol-formaldehyde beads from bamboo tar for adsorption of toluene

“…More precise information was also observed from the DTG curves such that four thermogravimetric regions were perceptible (i.e., lower than 400 C, 400-500 C, 500-600 C, and higher than 600 C). These thermogravimetric results show a similar phenomenon in the spherical PF made from the phenol liquefied biomass in previous literature (Lee et al, 2011). However, several derivative peaks appeared from 200 to 300 C in this study.…”

“…This study uses phenol-liquefied bamboo as a raw material to prepare spherical PF resin beads by suspension polymerization in a two-step process (Lee et al, 2011). The char yield of this process exceeds 60% after heating to 800 C. In addition, the pyrolysis tars separated during the rectification of typical vinegar resources were characterized to estimate the quality and potential use (Chang and Sung, 2006;Qiao et al, 2005).…”

Detection of complex vascular system in bamboo node by X-ray μCT imaging technique

“…Since the 1980s, the significance of bamboo cultivation and utilization is increasingly being recognized, mainly due to the rapid reduction of tropical forests especially in China, India, and some of the Southeast Asian countries. Recent research papers show the increased and permanent interest on bamboo concerning its chemical composition and utilization (Kim et al 2008;Lee et al 2011;Sun et al 2011;Qu et al 2012;Vena et al 2013;Wu et al 2013), its fungal degradation (Kim et al 2011;Schmidt et al 2011), the mechanical properties of single bamboo fibers (Yang et al 2009;Yu et al 2011), and its physical properties (Tsubaki and Nakano 2010).…”

Synthesis of alcohol-soluble phenol-formaldehyde resins from pyrolysis oil of Cunninghamia lanceolata wood and properties of molding plates made of resin-impregnated materials

“…Žilnik and Jazbinšek (2012) described a recovery process for the phenolic fraction from various Py-oils. There are ambitious efforts to substitute phenol (Ph) in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins by phenolics from renewable resources (Geng et al 2007;Derkyi et al 2011;Lee et al 2011, Lee et al 2012cSahaf et al 2012;Lu and Wu 2013), and experiments with phenolic Py-oils could be promising in this context. Amen-Chen et al (2002a,b) prepared resol-type PF resins, in which 50% of the Ph was replaced with Py-oil, and the product was suited as a binder in manufacturing OSB.…”