Phenolic acid bridges between polysaccharides and lignin in wheat internodes

Iiyama, Kenji; Lam, Thi Bach Tuyet; Stone, Bruce

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(90)80009-6

Cited by 350 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…There are major chemical differences between monocot and dicot cell walls. Legumes and most dicots contain smaller proportions of hemicellulose in their cell walls than monocots (Van Soest, 1994) whereas these have extensive interconnecting networks of phenylpropanoids (Iiyama et al, 1990), which may help to explain why the cow rumen has a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes than the crop, member of this phylum breakdown these lignin components (Akin, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analyses of foregut and hindgut bacterial communities in hoatzins and cows

et al. 2011

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Foregut fermentation occurs in mammalian ruminants and in one bird, the South American folivorous hoatzin. This bird has an enlarged crop with a function analogous to the rumen, where foregut microbes degrade the otherwise indigestible plant matter, providing energy to the host from foregut fermentation, in addition to the fermentation that occurs in their hindguts (cecum/colon). As foregut fermentation represents an evolutionary convergence between hoatzins and ruminants, our aim was to compare the community structure of foregut and hindgut bacterial communities in the cow and hoatzin to evaluate the influences of host phylogeny and organ function in shaping the gut microbiome. The approach used was to hybridize amplified bacterial ribosomal RNA genes onto a high-density microarray (PhyloChip). The results show that the microbial communities cluster primarily by functional environment (foreguts cluster separately from hindguts) and then by host. Bacterial community diversity was higher in the cow than in the hoatzin. Overall, compared with hindguts, foreguts have higher proportions of Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes, and lower proportions of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The main host differences in gut bacterial composition include a higher representation of Spirochaetes, Synergistes and Verrucomicrobia in the cow. Despite the significant differences in host phylogeny, body size, physiology and diet, the function seems to shape the microbial communities involved in fermentation. Regardless of the independent origin of foregut fermentation in birds and mammals, organ function has led to convergence of the microbial community structure in phylogenetically distant hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analyses of foregut and hindgut bacterial communities in hoatzins and cows

et al. 2011

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“…Total aromatics present in aqueous methanol extracts from sorghum stems were identiWed as described above, but without prior separation by HPLC. Both soluble phenolics and aromatics obtained as described above, and ester-linked pCA and FA extracted from puriWed cell walls (Iiyama et al 1990), were analyzed as their silyl esters using N,O-bis-(trimetylsilyl)triXuoroacetamide and trimethylchlorosilane reagent according to manufacturer-recommended protocol (Pierce Chemical Company, Rockford, IL; Sarath et al 2007). Standard curves for diVerent phenolics were generated using authentic compounds obtained from commercial vendors.…”

Section: Analyses Of Soluble Aromaticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic background impacts soluble and cell wall-bound aromatics in brown midrib mutants of sorghum

Palmer

Sattler

Saathoff

et al. 2008

Planta

149

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“…Phenolic acids were extracted from samples generated for HPLC and from purified cell walls as described by Iiyama et al, 1990 (hydrolysis at 90°C for 3 h). In all cases, extracts were first treated with alkali to release free phenolic acids, acidified with HC1 and extracted thrice with ethyl acetate as described above.…”

Section: Analyses Ofphenolics By High Pefirmance Liquid Chromatographmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internode structure and cell wall composition in maturing tillers of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum. L)

Sarath

Baird

Vogel

et al. 2007

Bioresource Technology

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Sarath, Gautam; Baird, Lisa M.; Vogel, Kenneth P.; and Mitchell, Robert B., "Internode structure and cell wall composition in maturing tillers of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum. L)" (2007 Abstract This work examined cell composition gradients in maturing tillers o f switchgrass (Panicum virgatuln L.) with the aim o f developing baseline information on this important forage and biomass crop. Flowering tillers were collected from plants raised from seeds in a greenhouse and field, harvested at soil level and separated into internodes beginning with the node subtending the peduncle. Internodes were analyzed using microscopy, by fiber digestion, high-performance liquid chromatography and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to obtain anatomical and compositional data. Microscopy demonstrated the development and maturation o f cortical fibers which eventually became confluent with the fiber sheath surrounding vascular bundles in the lower internodes. Detergent fiber analysis indicated increasing cellulose and lignin contents and decreases in cell solubles

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Phenolic acid bridges between polysaccharides and lignin in wheat internodes

Cited by 350 publications

References 19 publications

Comparative analyses of foregut and hindgut bacterial communities in hoatzins and cows

Comparative analyses of foregut and hindgut bacterial communities in hoatzins and cows

Genetic background impacts soluble and cell wall-bound aromatics in brown midrib mutants of sorghum

Internode structure and cell wall composition in maturing tillers of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum. L)

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