Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Infusions from Capparis spinosa L. and Crithmum maritimum L. before and after Submission to a Two-Step in Vitro Digestion Model

Abstract

This study investigated the phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of aqueous infusions from wild-grown caper (Capparis spinosa L.) and sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) from the Dalmatia region (Croatia) before and after their submission to an in vitro digestion process. HPLC/UV-vis-DAD/ESI-MS analysis of the caper infusion identified rutin, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, and isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside as dominant flavonoids in the matrix together with a series of cinnamoylquinic acid derivatives, whereas in the sea fennel aqueous infusion chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid), its isomers, and higher derivatives were identified as almost the sole class of phenolics. Both infusions exhibited good and dose-dependent antioxidant activity before in vitro digestion by the DPPH method, the β-carotene bleaching method, and copper-induced oxidation of human LDL. The amount of total phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteu assay) strongly decreased in digested samples (from 3.0 and 2.2% in caper and sea fennel infusions, respectively, to <1.0%), as did their antioxidant activity as measured by the three aforesaid methods. The results showed that the majority of phenolic compounds detected in both infusions are not stable under applied simulated gastrointestinal conditions and that the stability of these secondary metabolites strongly depends on the nature of the corresponding matrix.

Phenolic acids in Crithmum maritimum L. (Apiaceae) after Tytanit fertilization

“…Further enhancement of biological functions in Capsicum annuum was observed when Ti ions were sprayed on leaves [43], therefore we decided to use this approach in our experiments. Siracusa et al [24] tested infusions from C. maritimum in gastrointestinal model. They found out that total polyphenol content and its antioxidant capacity decreased in digested samples.…”

“…Recently, content of flavonoids, tannins, and also total polyphenols in the different parts of C. maritimum was evaluated and the presence of phenolic acids (PhAs), i.e., benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives, qualitatively analyzed by HPLC [3,23]. In vitro digestion model of antioxidant capacity of aqueous infusions from wild-grown C. maritimum was studied and chlorogenic acid and its derivatives were the most important class of polyphenols found in those extracts [24]. Several plants containing PhAs are widely used in phytotherapy.…”

The protective effect of Capparis ovata in acute hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol

“…with carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) and paracetamol, and in vitro with thioacetamide and galactosemia. Siracusa et al (13) demonstrated that phenolic acid in Capparis spinosa has an antioxidant function. In a study by Bonina et al, antioxidant activity was reported due to flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic contained in Capparis (14).…”

Antioxidant and antitumor activities of Capparis spinosa L. and the related mechanisms

“…Furthermore, CSE extract was reported to be rich in flavonoids such as kaempferol, rutin, quercetin and quercetin derivatives, which are known to have anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial anti-hepatotoxic, antidiabetic, antiproliferative and antitumor properties. Recently, the effect of plant extracts on melanogenesis has been reported and compounds, such as glycyrrhizin, quercetin and scoparone, were found to stimulate melanogenesis (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”