Phenolic Compound Diversity Explored in the Context of Photo‐Oxidative Stress Protection

Csepregi, Kristóf; Hideg, Éva

doi:10.1002/pca.2720

Cited by 73 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Here, after a UV-B radiation treatment, the ROS and MDA levels were lower in transgenic lines overexpressing MnFNSI than in wild-type tobacco, and the transgenic lines were more resistant to membrane damage and degradation of photosynthetic pigments. Some flavones act as ROS scavengers and sunscreens due to their high UV-B and UV-A absorbing properties [40,41]. Accordingly, based on the results of this study, we proposed that the high levels of flavones in tobacco overexpressing MnFNSI absorb UV-B in the outermost cells of epidermal and mesophyll tissue, thereby reducing DNA damage and ROS formation and increasing the tolerance of plants to UV-B stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Flavones Produced by Mulberry Flavone Synthase Type I Constitute a Defense Line against the Ultraviolet-B Stress

Yang

et al. 2020

Plants

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Flavones, one of the largest classes of flavonoids in plants, have a variety of bioactivities and participate in the resistance response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, flavone synthase (FNS), the key enzyme for flavone biosynthesis, has not yet been characterized in mulberry. In this study, we report that the leaves of certain mulberry cultivars, namely BJ7, PS2, and G14, are rich in flavones. We identified a Fe2+/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase from Morus notabilis (MnFNSI) that shows the typical enzymatic activity of a FNSI-type enzyme, and directly converts eriodictyol and naringenin into their corresponding flavones. Overexpression of MnFNSI in tobacco increased the flavones contents in leaves and enhanced the tolerance of tobacco to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) stress. We found that mulberry cultivars with higher flavones contents exhibit less UV-B induced damage after a UV-B treatment. Accordingly, our findings demonstrate that MnFNSI, a FNSI-type enzyme, is involved in the biosynthesis of flavones, which provide protection against UV-B radiation. These results lay the foundation for obtaining mulberry germplasm resources that are more tolerant to UV-B stress and richer in their nutritional value.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Flavones Produced by Mulberry Flavone Synthase Type I Constitute a Defense Line against the Ultraviolet-B Stress

Yang

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…The origin of ROS by UV‐B radiation has not been yet clarified, but diverse reports indicate that it is highly probable that they are produced by different mechanisms, being the common sources photosynthetic reactions, respiration, the activity of peroxidases, oxidases, and NADPH oxidase (A‐H‐Mackerness, John, Jordan, & Thomas, ; Barta et al, ; Mittler, Vanderauwera, Gollery, & Van Breusegem, ; Rao, Paliyath, & Ormrod, ). Some flavonoids provide stress protection, for example, acting as ROS scavengers, as well as sunscreens due to their high UV‐B and UV‐A absorbing properties (Csepregi & Hideg, ; Williams, Spencer, & Rice‐Evans, ; Zhu, Chen, Tan, & Liu, ). Thus, based on reports in mammalian and human cells, in vitro assays, and some evidences in plants, flavones not only may act as ROS scavengers by diffusion to compartments where ROS are generated but also, due to the high UV absorbing capacities, may act as sunscreens through their accumulation in both the epidermal and mesophyll cells (Markham, Tanner, Cassi‐Lit, Whitecross, et al, ; Morimoto et al, ; Schmitz‐Hoerner & Weissenböck, ; Agati, Azzarello, Pollastri, & Tattini, ; Agati et al, ; Britto et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apigenin produced by maize flavone synthase I and II protects plants against UV‐B‐induced damage

Righini

Rodrı́guez

Berosich

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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Flavones, one of the largest groups of flavonoids, have beneficial effects on human health and are considered of high nutritional value. Previously, we demonstrated that maize type I flavone synthase (ZmFNSI) is one of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of O-glycosyl flavones in floral tissues. However, in related species such as rice and sorghum, type II FNS enzymes also contribute to flavone biosynthesis. In this work, we provide evidence that maize has both one FNSI and one FNSII flavone synthases. Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing each FNS enzyme were generated to validate the role of flavones in protecting plants against UV-B radiation. Here, we demostrate that ZmCYP93G7 (FNSII) has flavone synthase activity and is able to complement the Arabidopsis dmr6 mutant, restoring the susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae. ZmFNSII expression is controlled by the C1/PL1 + R/B anthocyanin transcriptional complexes, and both ZmFNSI and ZmFNSII are regulated by UV-B. Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing ZmFNSI or ZmFNSII that accumulate apigenin exhibit less UV-B-induced damage than wild-type plants. Together, we show that maize has two FNS-type enzymes that participate in the synthesis of apigenin, conferring protection against UV-B radiation.

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“…Further downstream, dihydroflavonols are produced and can be converted to either flavonols or anthocyanins. Flavonols and anthocyanins are two of the best studied flavonoid subclasses due to their ubiquitous presence in multiple species, their diverse functionality (4), and antioxidant capacity (5)(6)(7)(8). Arabidopsis thaliana synthesizes three flavonols: kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin, which differ by the presence of a hydroxyl or methoxy group on their ring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonols modulate lateral root emergence by scavenging reactive oxygen species inArabidopsis thaliana

Chapman

Muday

2020

Preprint

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Flavonoids are plant-specific antioxidant compounds that modulate plant development, which include flavonols and anthocyanins subclasses. In Arabidopsis thaliana, mutants in genes encoding each step in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway have been isolated. We used these mutants to examine the role of flavonols in initiation and emergence of lateral roots and asked whether this regulation occurs through scavenging ROS. The tt4 mutants have a defect in the first committed step of flavonoid biosynthesis and have increased lateral root emergence. This phenotype was reversed by both genetic and chemical complementation. Using these flavonoid biosynthetic mutants, we eliminated roles for anthocyanins and the flavonols, quercetin and isorhamnetin, in controlling lateral root development. The tt7-2 mutant has a defect in a branchpoint enzyme blocking quercetin biosynthesis that led to elevated levels of kaempferol and reduced lateral roots. Kaempferol accumulated within lateral root primordia and was significantly increased in tt7-2. Thee data are consistent with kaempferol acting as a negative regulator of lateral root emergence. We examined ROS accumulation above and within the primordia using a general ROS sensor and identified increased signal above the primordia of the tt4 and tt7-2 mutants compared to wild type. Using a superoxide specific sensor, we detected a decrease in signal within the primordia of tt7-2, but not the tt4 mutant, compared to wild type. Together, these results support a model in which increased level of kaempferol in tt7-2 leads to a reduction in superoxide concentration in the lateral root primordia thereby reducing ROS-stimulated lateral root emergence.

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Phenolic Compound Diversity Explored in the Context of Photo‐Oxidative Stress Protection

Cited by 73 publications

References 51 publications

Flavones Produced by Mulberry Flavone Synthase Type I Constitute a Defense Line against the Ultraviolet-B Stress

Flavones Produced by Mulberry Flavone Synthase Type I Constitute a Defense Line against the Ultraviolet-B Stress

Apigenin produced by maize flavone synthase I and II protects plants against UV‐B‐induced damage

Flavonols modulate lateral root emergence by scavenging reactive oxygen species inArabidopsis thaliana

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