Phenolic Compounds and Sesquiterpene Lactones Profile in Leaves of Nineteen Artichoke Cultivars

Abstract

Leaves of globe artichoke are food industry byproducts gaining interest due to their therapeutic and nutraceutical potential. The total phenolics, flavonoids, and flavonols content as well as radical scavenging capacity and reducing antioxidant power were determined in leaves of 19 artichoke cultivars. An untargeted analysis based on high-resolution mass spectrometry was then carried out to profile phenolic compounds and sesquiterpene lactones (STLs). The phenolic profile of leaf extracts from different cultivars was widely diverse and included flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tyrosols, and lignans. Grosheimin and its derivative were the most abundant STLs in all artichoke cultivars. Among the examined cultivars, "Campagnano", "Grato 1", and "Violetto di Provenza" were found to be the richest in polyphenols and presented the highest antioxidant activity, whereas "Blanca de Tudela" and "Carderas" were characterized by a high STLs content. Hence, specific artichoke cultivars can be selected as the source of natural antioxidants with a desired profile of nutraceutical compounds like phenolics and STLs.

Airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by artichoke

“…is part of the Compositae (Asteraceae) family; it was already used as a vegetable in ancient Egypt and has been cultivated in Southern Europe since the 15th century. In contrast to other Compositae, artichokes synthesize a limited number of STLs, mainly cynaropicrin, grosheimin, and its derivative 8‐deoxy‐11,13‐dihydroxygrosheimin, all components mostly present in the leaves . Accordingly, patients sensitized to artichoke do not always react to other extracts or plants from the same family .…”

Plant- and Seaweed-Based Extracts Increase Yield but Differentially Modulate Nutritional Quality of Greenhouse Spinach through Biostimulant Action

“…The effectiveness of PCA in elucidating the effects of genetic materials and several pre and postharvest factors on productivity and especially on quality parameters of several horticultural crops has been documented in several greenhouse and open-field studies [9,20,45,52,53]. This was also the case in the current study, since the score plot of the PCA clearly divided the PB-treated and untreated plants along PC1 with biostimulant treatments concentrating most of the morphometric (yield and dry biomass) and physicochemical parameters (leaf dry matter, protein, total phenols and ascorbic acid as well as K, Ca and Mg contents ( Figure 5).…”

Cardoon as a Sustainable Crop for Biomass and Bioactive Compounds Production

“…Monocaffeoylquinic acids, namely 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐ O ‐caffeoylquinic acids were described in leaves, stalks and capitula of wild cardoon, artichoke, and cultivated cardoon . Until now, 4‐ O ‐caffeoylquinic acid has only been identified in artichoke and wild cardoon, with a wide range of variation between accessions. Studies of cardoon heads have identified 5‐ O ‐caffeoylquinic acid as the main phenolic compound in aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts (108 mg g −1 dw) with a relative abundance ranging between 18–36 % .…”

“…Ferulic acid was detected in cis ( Z ) and trans ( E ) forms in leaves (328 mg kg −1 dw), heads (79 mg kg −1 dw), flowers (69 mg kg −1 dw), and stems (34 mg kg −1 dw) of cultivated cardoon. Three monocoumaroylquinic acids (3‐, 4‐ and 5‐ p ‐coumaroylquinic acids) were analyzed in artichoke leaves and only the 3‐ p ‐coumarouylquinic acid was detected in cardoon flowers (0.5 mg g −1 dw) …”

“…Anthocyanin pigments were present only in heads in the form of glucosides and sophorosides. A total of 68 anthocyanin compounds derived from cyanidin, dephinidin, malvidin, petunidin, pelargonidin, and peonidin were detected . These pigments, besides their health‐promoting properties, are responsible for the color of artichoke capitula which ranges from green to violet and therefore play an important role in food acceptance by consumers …”