Phenolic Compounds and Their Role in Disease Resistance

Nicholson, Ralph L.; Hammerschmidt, R.

doi:10.1146/annurev.py.30.090192.002101

Cited by 1,193 publications

(771 citation statements)

References 91 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

699

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, the fruits of resistant varieties contained a higher amount of phenolic compounds than those of susceptible varieties (Bhatia et al 1972). The constitutive expression of phenols, which are thought to function as preformed inhibitors, has been associated with nonhost resistance (Nicholson and Hammerschmidt 1992).…”

Section: Characterization Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato early blight (Alternaria solani): the pathogen, genetics, and breeding for resistance

Chaerani¹,

Voorrips²

2006

J Gen Plant Pathol

227

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alternaria solani causes diseases on foliage (early blight), basal stems of seedlings (collar rot), stems of adult plants (stem lesions), and fruits (fruit rot) of tomato. Early blight is the most destructive of these diseases and hence receives considerable attention in breeding. For over 60 years, breeding for early blight resistance has been practiced, but the development of cultivars with high levels of resistance has been hampered by the lack of sources of strong resistance in the cultivated tomato and by the quantitative expression and polygenic inheritance of the resistance. In some accessions of wild species, high levels of early blight resistance have been found, but breeding lines still have unfavorable horticultural traits from the donor parent. Recently, the first linkage maps with loci controlling early blight resistance have been developed based on interspecific crosses. These maps may facilitate markerassisted selection. This overview presents the current knowledge about the A. solani-tomato complex with respect to its biology, genetics, and breeding.

show abstract

Section: Characterization Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato early blight (Alternaria solani): the pathogen, genetics, and breeding for resistance

Chaerani¹,

Voorrips²

2006

J Gen Plant Pathol

227

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…the space between the cell wall and the plasma membrane). Formation of these cell wall appositions (CWAs) or papillae is usually accompanied by a co-localised accumulation of phenolics and reactive oxygen species [2][3][4][5][6]. The complex process of sub-cellular cell wall remodelling is tightly linked to the rapid disassembly and subsequent focal reassembly of the plant cytoskeleton at fungal entry sites, which is indicative of a pathogen-triggered cell polarisation [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knocking on the heaven’s wall: pathogenesis of and resistance to biotrophic fungi at the cell wall

Schulze‐Lefert

2004

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

124

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

New findings challenge the traditional view of the plant cell wall as passive structural barrier to invasion by fungal microorganisms. A surveillance system for cell wall integrity appears to sense perturbation of the cell wall structure upon fungal attack and is interconnected with known plant defence signalling pathways. Biotrophic fungi might manipulate this surveillance system for the establishment of biotrophy. The attempts of fungi to invade also induce a sub-cellular polarisation in attacked cells, which activates an ancient vesicle-associated resistance response that possibly enables the focal transport of regulatory cargo and the secretion of toxic cargo. The underlying resistance machinery might have been subverted by biotrophic fungi for pathogenesis. IntroductionPenetration through the plant cell wall represents an Achilles heel in the pathogenesis of most biotrophic fungi and marks a lifestyle transition from extra-cellular to invasive growth. Modification of the plant cell wall was recognised for the first time as potential resistance mechanism almost 80 years ago following work in which 78 plant species and varieties were challenged with Alternaria spp. and other leaf-spotting fungi [1]. The termination of fungal pathogenesis at the cell wall was commonly associated with wall 'thickenings' and the formation of local additions or 'callosities' in the paramural space (i.e. the space between the cell wall and the plasma membrane). Formation of these cell wall appositions (CWAs) or papillae is usually accompanied by a co-localised accumulation of phenolics and reactive oxygen species [2][3][4][5][6]. The complex process of sub-cellular cell wall remodelling is tightly linked to the rapid disassembly and subsequent focal reassembly of the plant cytoskeleton at fungal entry sites, which is indicative of a pathogen-triggered cell polarisation [6][7][8][9]. There has been a long-standing controversy, however, over whether CWAs function in disease resistance or facilitate the entry of fungal pathogens into host cells by providing a structural collar for the intruder. New molecular genetic data from Arabidopsis and barley have indeed revealed that molecular processes at and in CWAs have Janus-faced functions, that is, functions for fungal pathogenesis and in resistance responses. Focal vesicle transport and vesicle fusion events that are dependent on SNAP (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor-association protein) receptor (SNARE) proteins at the plasma membrane emerge as potential common underlying mechanisms that might be interconnected with a poorly understood cell wall integrity surveillance system. In this review, I discuss the seemingly paradoxical functions of these processes in establishing the biotrophic lifestyle and in disease resistance at the cell periphery.Linking cell wall structure to biotic stress signalling Callose, a (1!3)-b-D-glucan, has long been known to be synthesised and deposited rapidly at CWAs upon microbial attack. This polymer was thought to contribute to a physical barrie...

show abstract

“…Despite the clear visual clues provided by auto-fluorescence, little is known about the compounds involved in the resistance response. Fluorescent compounds often have rigid structures common to phenolic compounds involved in defence responses (Nicholson and Hammerschmidt, 1992;Davidson, 1996). Auto-fluorescence has been observed in other pathosystems and has been attributed to phytoalexin, amino acids, flavonoids, callose, and phenolic acids (Nicholson, 1977;Nicholson and Hammerschmidt, 1992;Dai et al, 1996;Jeun and Lee, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the defence response to Venturia inaequalis in ‘Honeycrisp’ apple, its ancestors, and progeny

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Phenolic Compounds and Their Role in Disease Resistance

Cited by 1,193 publications

References 91 publications

Tomato early blight (Alternaria solani): the pathogen, genetics, and breeding for resistance

Tomato early blight (Alternaria solani): the pathogen, genetics, and breeding for resistance

Knocking on the heaven’s wall: pathogenesis of and resistance to biotrophic fungi at the cell wall

Characterization of the defence response to Venturia inaequalis in ‘Honeycrisp’ apple, its ancestors, and progeny

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About