Phenolic compounds from yerba mate based beverages – A multivariate optimisation

Abstract

This work used a central composite design to optimise a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous separation of gallic, syringic, 5-caffeoylquinic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinc acids, rutin in aqueous extracts of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis). The effect of the linear gradient time, the initial and the final methanol concentration in the mobile phase on the peak resolution and peak symmetry was evaluated. The 26 responses obtained were simultaneously optimised using the desirability method of Derringer and Suich. According to results, the increasing in the resolution and peak symmetry was achieved by using lesser levels of methanol in both initial and final gradient elution (-1.68, -1), as well as higher gradient times (+1, +1.68). The optimal condition (13.9-40% of methanol in 39.4 min) were successfully applied for analysis of chimarrão, tererê and mate tea aqueous extracts, which showed as excellent sources of chlorogenic acids.

Improved LC-MSn characterization of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonols in different commercial mate (Ilex paraguariensis) brands. Quantification of polyphenols, methylxanthines, and antioxidant activity

“…Caffeic acid was mainly esterified with quinic 486 acid, although minimal amount of free caffeic acid was also quantified, accounting for 487 0.2% of total polyphenols. Flavonols were another important group of polyphenols 488 identified in yerba mate (up to 10% of total polyphenols), being rutin the most abundant 489 (80%), even more than other hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, in agreement with others 490 authors (Bravo et al, 2007;da Silveira et al, 2016;Heck et al, 2008). 491…”

Effects of in vitro digestion and in vitro colonic fermentation on stability and functional properties of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.) beverages

“…It is also used as diuretic and antirheumatic (Isolabella et al, 2010), as well as antioxidant . Cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities against cancer cells as well as anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-depressant effects have also been ascribed to yerba mate (De Mejía, Song, Heck, & Ramírez-Mares, 2010;Heck & de Mejia, 2007;Lima et al, 2014a Yerba mate is known to be rich in phenolic acids such as caffeic acid (CA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) and their derivatives in addition to flavan-3-ols such as (+)-catechin (Bracesco et al, 2011;Da Silveira, Meinhart, De Souza, Teixeira Filho, & Godoy, 2016;Souza et al, 2015). Other compounds frequently found in the extracts are: gallic, syringic, ferulic, p-coumaric acids, rutin, methylxanthines (caffeine and theobromine), saponins and tannins (Bracesco et al, 2011;Da Silveira et al, 2016;De Mejía et al, 2010;Murakami et al, 2013).…”

Phenolic Characterisation and Antioxidant Activity of Primula vulgaris and Its Antigenotoxic Effect on Fibroblast Cells

“…Several reports have described the use of HPLC with DAD for characterization and quantification of phenolic composition. It is known that HPLC presents higher robustness, reproducibility, and sensitivity, and it interfaces easily with a great range of detectors (27)(28)(29). Therefore, HPLC-DAD system was preferred for phytochemical analysis in this study, and eight phenolic compounds (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, ρ-OH benzoic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, ρ-coumaric acid and rutin) were determined in the WEP ( Table 2).…”