Phenolic lipid ingredients from cashew nuts

Suo, Maorong; Hasegawa, Isao; Ishida, Yoshihiro; Shimano, Yasoku; Bi, Changxiao; Kato, Hikaru; Takano, Fumihide; Ohta, Tomihisa

doi:10.1007/s11418-011-0564-4

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Anacardic acid mixture was submitted to a chromatographic column impregnated with AgNO 3 and each individual component was isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Complete and unequivocal proton and carbon assignments were performed and corroborated by literature data [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Anacardic Acid Constituents from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid: NMR Characterization and the Effect of Unsaturation on Its Biological Activities

et al. 2017

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Anacardic acids are the main constituents of natural cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), obtained via the extraction of cashew shells with hexane at room temperature. This raw material presents high technological potential due to its various biological properties. The main components of CNSL are the anacardic acids, salicylic acid derivatives presenting a side chain of fifteen carbon atoms with different degrees of unsaturation (monoene–15:1, diene–15:2, and triene–15:3). Each constituent was isolated by column chromatography using silica gel impregnated with silver nitrate. The structures of the compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance through complete and unequivocal proton and carbon assignments. The effect of the side chain unsaturation was also evaluated in relation to antioxidant, antifungal and anticholinesterase activities, and toxicity against Artemia salina. The triene anacardic acid provided better results in antioxidant activity assessed by the inhibition of the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), higher cytotoxicity against A. salina, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. Thus, increasing the unsaturation of the side chain of anacardic acid increases its action against free radicals, AChE enzyme, and A. salina nauplii. In relation to antifungal activity, an inverse result was obtained, and the linearity of the molecule plays an important role, with monoene being the most active. In conclusion, the changes in structure of anacardic acids, which cause differences in polarity, contribute to the increase or decrease in the biological activity assessed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Anacardic Acid Constituents from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid: NMR Characterization and the Effect of Unsaturation on Its Biological Activities

et al. 2017

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“…In future studies, it will be interesting to analyze in vivo AA isotypes separately, since recent in vitro studies have shown different immunological properties on AAs compounds [57]. In our study, all administered doses of AAs were associated with increased antioxidant enzyme activity whereas only the 50 mg/kg dose of AAs reduced the increase in cytokine levels caused by DEP exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…In fact at the 150 and 250 mg/kg doses, a significant increase in the concentration of IL-1 β was observed. A possible reason for this is that the overall exposure to anacardic acid-4 is increased above a threshold in the highest concentrations, whereby it could enhance the production of cytokines as described by Suo et al [57] for IL-2, interferon- γ , IL-4, and IL-5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anacardic Acids from Cashew Nuts Ameliorate Lung Damage Induced byExposureto Diesel Exhaust Particles in Mice

Carvalho

Annoni

Torres

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Anacardic acids from cashew nut shell liquid, a Brazilian natural substance, have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and modulate immune responses and angiogenesis. As inflammatory lung diseases have been correlated to environmental pollutants exposure and no reports addressing the effects of dietary supplementation with anacardic acids on lung inflammation in vivo have been evidenced, we investigated the effects of supplementation with anacardic acids in a model of diesel exhaust particle- (DEP-) induced lung inflammation. BALB/c mice received an intranasal instillation of 50 μg of DEP for 20 days. Ten days prior to DEP instillation, animals were pretreated orally with 50, 150, or 250 mg/kg of anacardic acids or vehicle (100 μL of cashew nut oil) for 30 days. The biomarkers of inflammatory and antioxidant responses in the alveolar parenchyma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and pulmonary vessels were investigated. All doses of anacardic acids ameliorated antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased vascular adhesion molecule in vessels. Animals that received 50 mg/kg of anacardic acids showed decreased levels of neutrophils and tumor necrosis factor in the lungs and BALF, respectively. In summary, we demonstrated that AAs supplementation has a potential protective role on oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms in the lungs.

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“…Diets containing nutmeats, such as walnut, peanut, almond, hazelnut, pistachio, macadamia, cashew nut and Brazil nut, protect the heart, decrease chronic-disease mediators, such as gut fat, stabilize glycemic index, reduce resistance to insulin, and may also decrease the risk of diabetes and cancer (Papanastasopoulos & Stebbing, 2013). Anacardic acid is a phenolic compound present in cashews (Agostini-Costa et al, 2004;Correia, David, & David, 2006;Trevisan et al, 2006) that has been associated with a series of specific pharmacological activities, including anti-microbial, histone acetyltransferase inhibition, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory (Kubo, Masuoka, Ha, & Tsujimoto, 2006;Stasiuk & Kozubek, 2010;Suo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of industrial cashew nut processing on anacardic acid content and allergen recognition by IgE

et al. 2018

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Cashew nuts are important both nutritionally and industrially, but can also cause food allergies in some individuals. The present study aimed to assess the effect(s) of industrial processing on anacardic acids and allergens present in cashew nuts. Sample analyses were performed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, SDS-PAGE and immunoassay. The anacardic acid concentration ranged from 6.2 to 82.6mg/g during processing, and this variation was attributed to cashew nut shell liquid incorporation during storage and humidification. Dehydrated and selected samples did not significantly differ in anacardic acid content, having values similar to the raw sample. SDS-PAGE and immunoassay analysis with rabbit polyclonal sera and human IgE indicated only minor differences in protein solubility and antibody binding following processing steps. The findings indicate that appreciable amounts of anacardic acid remain in processed nuts, and that changes to cashew allergens during industrial processing may only mildly affect antibody recognition.

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Phenolic lipid ingredients from cashew nuts

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Anacardic Acid Constituents from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid: NMR Characterization and the Effect of Unsaturation on Its Biological Activities

Anacardic Acid Constituents from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid: NMR Characterization and the Effect of Unsaturation on Its Biological Activities

Anacardic Acids from Cashew Nuts Ameliorate Lung Damage Induced byExposureto Diesel Exhaust Particles in Mice

Effects of industrial cashew nut processing on anacardic acid content and allergen recognition by IgE

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