Phenological shifts in conifer species stressed by spruce budworm defoliation

Deslauriers, Annie; Fournier, Marie-Pier; Cartenì, Fabrizio; Mackay, John

doi:10.1093/treephys/tpy135

Cited by 34 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In mid‐September, following defoliation and after the adult budworms had mated and females laid their eggs on the remaining foliage, the saplings were moved into an open field and exposed to natural winter conditions. Defoliation in 2015 was similar among species with observed levels ranging from 80% to 95% of defoliation (Deslauriers et al, ). In spring 2016, the second instar larvae emerged naturally on the defoliated saplings.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…During this process, the movement, particularly ballooning, can increase larval exposition to different mortality factors (Regniere & Nealis, ). Moreover, due to the mismatch, shoot growth exceeded 50% of its final length before the maturity of spruce budworm larvae (Deslauriers et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To simulate a natural defoliation, we placed 60 second‐stage (L2) larvae of C. fumiferana (standard code Glfc:IPQL:Cfum01 to Cfum16; Roe, Demidovich, & Dedes, ) in groups of 15 individuals near the terminal buds of branches in the upper half of the saplings in the spring of the previous growing season. No larvae were placed on the control saplings for non‐defoliation (Deslauriers et al, ). In mid‐September, following defoliation and after the adult budworms had mated and females laid their eggs on the remaining foliage, the saplings were moved into an open field and exposed to natural winter conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Warming counteracts defoliation‐induced mismatch by increasing herbivore‐plant phenological synchrony

Ren

Néron

Rossi

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climate change is altering phenology; however, the magnitude of this change varies among taxa. Compared with phenological mismatch between plants and herbivores, synchronization due to climate has been less explored, despite its potential implications for trophic interactions. The earlier budburst induced by defoliation is a phenological strategy for plants against herbivores. Here, we tested whether warming can counteract defoliation‐induced mismatch by increasing herbivore‐plant phenological synchrony. We compared the larval phenology of spruce budworm and budburst in balsam fir, black spruce, and white spruce saplings subjected to defoliation in a controlled environment at temperatures of 12, 17, and 22°C. Budburst in defoliated saplings occurred 6–24 days earlier than in the controls, thus mismatching needle development from larval feeding. This mismatch decreased to only 3–7 days, however, when temperatures warmed by 5 and 10°C, leading to a resynchronization of the host with spruce budworm larvae. The increasing synchrony under warming counteracts the defoliation‐induced mismatch, disrupting trophic interactions and energy flow between forest ecosystem and insect populations. Our results suggest that the predicted warming may improve food quality and provide better growth conditions for larval development, thus promoting longer or more intense insect outbreaks in the future.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Warming counteracts defoliation‐induced mismatch by increasing herbivore‐plant phenological synchrony

Ren

Néron

Rossi

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Spruce budworm development stages (phenological instar stages L2 to L6 and pupae stage 7) were determined based on the size of the head capsule of the larvae according to the insect's life history (Deslauriers et al 2019;Pureswaran et al 2015). Instar phenology was monitored on three larvae twice per week, randomly picked from 48 randomly selected trees (12 trees × 2 defoliation treatments × 2 irrigation regimes) and then put back onto the sapling.…”

Section: Spruce Budwormmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overall plant defoliation level was determined visually on saplings branches, according to the shoot-count method (Maclean and Lidstone 1982;Piene et al 1981). We used six defoliation classes that correspond to a median percentage of defoliation (Deslauriers et al 2019).…”

Section: Spruce Budwormmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of defoliation and water deficit on growth, water status, and mortality of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.)

Bouzidi

Balducci

Mackay

et al. 2019

Annals of Forest Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

& Key message Defoliation followed by water deficit showed time-dependent effects on plant water status and growth in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). Biotic stress negatively (during active defoliation by growing instars) and positively (after defoliation) affected plant water relations. However, water deficit, alone or combined with defoliation, prevails over defoliation-related stress for radial growth and sapling vitality. & Context Tree vitality is influenced by multiple factors such as insect damage, water deficit, and the timing of these stresses. Under drought, positive feedback via the reduction of leaf area may improve the water status of defoliated trees. However, the effect on tree mortality remains largely unknown. & Aims We investigated the effects of defoliation followed by a water deficit on tree growth, plant water status, and mortality in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) saplings. & Methods In a controlled greenhouse setting, saplings were submitted to combined treatments of defoliation and water stress. To assess the impact of these stresses and their interaction, we measured phenology, twig development, secondary growth of the stem, water potential, and mortality of the saplings. & Results Both defoliation and water deficits reduced growth; however, the effect was not additive. During active defoliation, we observed a higher evaporative demand and a lower midday leaf water potential Ψ md . We observed an opposite pattern of response post-stress. Drought alone increased sapling mortality immediately after the stress period, but after c.a. 20 days, mortality rates remained similar following combined drought and defoliation. & Conclusion Our results highlight two key periods during which defoliation affects plant water relations either negatively (during active defoliation) or positively (after defoliation). Mortality in defoliated saplings was reduced immediately following drought because available internal water increased in the stem.

show abstract

Changes in Water Status and Carbon Allocation in Conifers Subjected to Spruce Budworm Defoliation and Consequences for Tree Mortality and Forest Management

Deslauriers

Balducci

Fierravanti

et al. 2023

Advances in Global Change Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability of forests to provide ecosystem services and renewable goods faces several challenges related to insect defoliation. Spruce budworm outbreaks represent one of the major natural disturbances in the boreal forest of eastern North America. In this chapter, we will focus on the effects of defoliation by eastern spruce budworm in balsam fir and black spruce trees. We first describe tree water status depending on the duration of defoliation. We then present the response of springtime starch reserves and radial growth at different levels of defoliation. We summarize four mechanisms to explain mortality under defoliation and the consequences for forest management.

show abstract

Phenological shifts in conifer species stressed by spruce budworm defoliation

Cited by 34 publications

References 71 publications

Warming counteracts defoliation‐induced mismatch by increasing herbivore‐plant phenological synchrony

Warming counteracts defoliation‐induced mismatch by increasing herbivore‐plant phenological synchrony

Interactive effects of defoliation and water deficit on growth, water status, and mortality of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.)

Changes in Water Status and Carbon Allocation in Conifers Subjected to Spruce Budworm Defoliation and Consequences for Tree Mortality and Forest Management

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About