Phenomenological approach to the caloric theory of heat

Mareš, Jiřı́ J.; Hubík, P.; Šesták, Jaroslav; Špička, Václav; Krištofik, J.; Stávek, Jiřı́

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2008.05.001

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Mechanics, electricity, chemistry, and heat can be based upon strictly analogous structures if momentum, charge, amount of substance, and entropy and their related potentials (velocity, electric and chemical potentials, and temperature) are used as primitive quantities. Macroscopic entropy can be visualized as the caloric of the caloric theory suitably extended by the requirement that caloric is produced in irreversible processes (Falk 1985;Fuchs 1996;Mares et al 2008). In this form, thermodynamics joins the other macroscopic theories of physics and physical chemistry as an example of the conceptualization of forces of nature (Fuchs 2013a(Fuchs , 2013b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A direct macroscopic approach has been lacking even though suggestions for turning Carnot's (1824) caloric into a concept for basing macroscopic entropy upon have appeared time and again in the literature (Callendar 1911;Job 1972;Falk 1985;Fuchs 1987;Mares et al 2008). A complete dynamical theory of heat inspired by continuum thermodynamics has been worked out by Fuchs (1996Fuchs ( , 2010.…”

Section: Entropy and Models Of Dynamical Thermal Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Direct Entropic Approach to Uniform and Spatially Continuous Dynamical Models of Thermoelectric Devices

Fuchs

2014

Energy Harvesting and Systems

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If we accept temperature and entropy as primitive quantities, we can construct a direct approach to a dynamical thermal theory of spatially continuous and uniform processes. The theory of uniform models serves as a simple entry point for learners of modern thermodynamics. Such models can be applied fruitfully to an understanding of (the dynamics of) thermoelectric processes and devices. Entropy, temperature, charge, and voltage allow us to describe the role of energy concisely, and constitutive quantities can be given their natural entropic interpretation. In this paper, aggregate dynamical models of a Peltier device will be created and simulations will be compared to non-steady-state experimental data. Such overall models give us a simple image of the transport of charge and transport, production, and storage of entropy and can be easily extended to the spatially continuous case. Process diagrams for a uniform model can be used to visualize these processes and the role of energy. Device efficiency can be easily read from the model. Apart from external parameters such as load resistances or temperature differences, it depends upon three parameters of the device: internal electric resistance, entropy conductance, and Seebeck coefficient. The Second Law efficiency of a generator suggests how to define the figure of merit (zT) of the thermoelectric material. Distinction between ideal and dissipative processes and the rates at which energy is made available or used allows us to construct a simple argument for the equality of the Seebeck and Peltier coefficients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Entropy and Models Of Dynamical Thermal Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Direct Entropic Approach to Uniform and Spatially Continuous Dynamical Models of Thermoelectric Devices

Fuchs

2014

Energy Harvesting and Systems

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“…Furthermore, the molecular Equation (63) is derived from statistical mechanics and does not provide a phenomenological definition of temperature as used in mainstream physics, chemistry, and engineering predicated on macroscopic sensors (e.g., thermometers). Invoking probability theory and the badly understood concepts of statistical mechanics in an attempt to define the already enigmatic physical concept of temperature has led to a lack of a satisfactory definition of temperature in the literature [340].…”

Section: Relativity Temperature Invariance and The Entropy Dilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics: The Unique Universal Science

Haddad

2017

Entropy

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Thermodynamics is a physical branch of science that governs the thermal behavior of dynamical systems from those as simple as refrigerators to those as complex as our expanding universe. The laws of thermodynamics involving conservation of energy and nonconservation of entropy are, without a doubt, two of the most useful and general laws in all sciences. The first law of thermodynamics, according to which energy cannot be created or destroyed, merely transformed from one form to another, and the second law of thermodynamics, according to which the usable energy in an adiabatically isolated dynamical system is always diminishing in spite of the fact that energy is conserved, have had an impact far beyond science and engineering. In this paper, we trace the history of thermodynamics from its classical to its postmodern forms, and present a tutorial and didactic exposition of thermodynamics as it pertains to some of the deepest secrets of the universe.

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“…For further motivation why MTH should be critically reexamined, here in this section I shall discuss a number of specific difficulties in MTH. The principle example I use here is the Carnot-Kelvin formula as the most important tool in engineering Many have questioned the validity of universal interconvertibility with regards to heat as a cause of work [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Yet, none of these arguments have succeeded in refuting universal inter-convertibility and the insistence of heat (i.e., Q) defined as energy in transit, rather than as energy and entropy in transit (as suggested in [18]).…”

Section: The Mechanical Theory Of Heat and The Takeaways From The Camentioning

confidence: 99%

The Second Law: From Carnot to Thomson-Clausius, to the Theory of Exergy, and to the Entropy-Growth Potential Principle

Wang

2017

Entropy

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At its origins, thermodynamics was the study of heat and engines. Carnot transformed it into a scientific discipline by explaining engine power in terms of transfer of "caloric". That idea became the second law of thermodynamics when Thomson and Clausius reconciled Carnot's theory with Joule's conflicting thesis that power was derived from the consumption of heat, which was determined to be a form of energy. Eventually, Clausius formulated the 2nd-law as the universal entropy growth principle: the synthesis of transfer vs. consumption led to what became known as the mechanical theory of heat (MTH). However, by making universal-interconvertibility the cornerstone of MTH their synthesis-project was a defective one, which precluded MTH from developing the full expression of the second law. This paper reiterates that universal-interconvertibility is demonstrably false-as the case has been made by many others-by clarifying the true meaning of the mechanical equivalent of heat. And, presents a two-part formulation of the second law: universal entropy growth principle as well as a new principle that no change in Nature happens without entropy growth potential. With the new principle as its cornerstone replacing universal-interconvertibility, thermodynamics transcends the defective MTH and becomes a coherent conceptual system.

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Phenomenological approach to the caloric theory of heat

Cited by 40 publications

References 16 publications

A Direct Entropic Approach to Uniform and Spatially Continuous Dynamical Models of Thermoelectric Devices

A Direct Entropic Approach to Uniform and Spatially Continuous Dynamical Models of Thermoelectric Devices

Thermodynamics: The Unique Universal Science

The Second Law: From Carnot to Thomson-Clausius, to the Theory of Exergy, and to the Entropy-Growth Potential Principle

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