Phenomenology of Depression in Epilepsy

Robertson, Mary M.; Trimble, Michael; Townsend, H. R. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1987.tb03659.x

Cited by 222 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Guilt and shame have been shown to be intrinsically adaptive affects that, when recurring, establish a proneness to experience these affects. Proneness to shame and proneness to guilt have been shown to be important presursors of depression, a mood disorder that is widespread among adults with epilepsy (26)(27)(28). The purpose of this study was to examine the attribution of shame and guilt in the earliest stages of epilepsy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Emotions in Children with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy

et al. 2000

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Summary:Purpose: To understand the emotional predicament in children with recently diagnosed idiopathic or cryptogenic epilepsy.Methods: We used the well-tried method of structured projection for the first time in children with epilepsy. Thirty-six children with epilepsy, aged 7-15 years (mean age, 9.5 years) and in 35 control children aged 7-15 years (mean age, 9.4 years), attributed shame and guilt in relation to three types of situation (non-illness related, illness related, and epilepsy related). Children were evaluated twice: shortly after diagnosis, before antiepileptic drug (AED) use and after an interval of 3 months.Results: Children with epilepsy and healthy controls were similar in their way of attributing shame and guilt. However, the type of situation was of influence: Both children with epilepsy and healthy children attributed more shame to incompetence due to epilepsy than to incompetence due to other illnesses.Conclusions: Increased affective problems in childhood epilepsy cannot be explained by excessive attribution of shame and guilt, affects known to be important precursors of psychopathology, yet both healthy children and children with epilepsy attribute more shame to epilepsy than to other illnesses. Epilepsy is not like any other disease. Key Words: EpilepsyChildren-Shame-Guilt-Ps ychopathology .In epilepsy, affective problems abound (1-4). More than 25% of children with normal intelligence and relatively benign epilepsy have signs of depression, but these are apparently not always recognized by carers (5). We have attempted to understand the affective predicament of children with epilepsy by concentrating on the affects of shame and guilt. Both are negative but normal adaptive affects (6). The question addressed by this study is whether children with recently diagnosed epilepsy differ from healthy matched control children in their attributions of shame and guilt. Currently it is reasoned that psychopathology develops from intrinsically normal affective reactions. Recurring affects induce a proneness to react to these affects (7). Proneness distorts cognition, biases action and perception, and thus leads to maladaptiveness. Maladaptiveness in turn leads to affective distress (8). The relevance of the affects of shame and guilt for later psychopathology has been noted since Freud (cited in 6). In children, proneness to shame and/or

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Emotions in Children with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy

et al. 2000

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“…Other theory hypothesizes that a seizure activity in the non-dominant hemisphere could result in neglect of negative emotions [63]. Many controlled studies comparing seizure focus with degrees of depression found increased frequencies of depression with a focus in the left hemisphere, independent of seizure type [67][68][69][70], although other studies didn't ratify this correlation [71]. A complex interaction between several factors would be employed in this association.…”

Section: Specific Psychiatric Disorders Mood Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Comorbidities of Epilepsy: A Review

2011

Neurol Neurophysiol

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“…For example, over 50% of epileptic patients with depression have a family history of psychiatric illness (Kanner and Nieto, 1999;Robertson et al, 1987). One advantage of the SwLo rats as a model of epilepsy and depression comorbidity is that these animals have been selectively bred for over 50 generations and are genetically homogenous (Weinshenker et al, 2005; unpublished data).…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Underlying the Swlo Seizure Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seizure Susceptibility and Epileptogenesis in a Rat Model of Epilepsy and Depression Co-Morbidity

Epps

Tabb

Lin

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Although a strong co-morbidity exists clinically between epilepsy and depression, the cause of this co-morbidity remains unknown, and a valid animal model is crucial for the identification of underlying mechanisms and the development of a screening tool for novel therapies. Although some rodent models of epilepsy have been reported to display behaviors relevant to affective disorders, the seizure susceptibility of animals prone to depression-like behavior has not been characterized. Toward this end, we assessed several forms of seizure sensitivity and epileptogenesis in rats selectively bred for vulnerability (Swim Lo-Active; SwLo) or resilience (Swim High-Active; SwHi) to depression-like phenotypes. The SwLo rats exhibit decreased motor activity in a swim test and other depression-like phenotypes, whereas the SwHi rats display increased motor activity in a swim test. SwLo rats exhibited a decreased latency to limbic motor seizures following acute pilocarpine administration in the absence of differences in pilocarpine pharmacokinetics, and also had a decreased threshold to tonic seizures induced by electroshock. Approximately half of the SwLo rats, but none of the SwHi rats, had spontaneous limbic motor seizures 5 weeks following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. While the number of stimulations required to achieve full amygdala and hippocampal electrical kindling were similar in the two rat lines, SwLo rats had a lower final hippocampal kindling threshold and more wet dog shakes during both amygdala and hippocampal kindling. Combined, these results indicate that SwLo rats are a model of epilepsy and depression co-morbidity that can be used for investigating underlying neurobiological and genetic mechanisms and screening novel therapeutics.

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Phenomenology of Depression in Epilepsy

Cited by 222 publications

References 42 publications

Negative Emotions in Children with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy

Negative Emotions in Children with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy

Psychiatric Comorbidities of Epilepsy: A Review

Seizure Susceptibility and Epileptogenesis in a Rat Model of Epilepsy and Depression Co-Morbidity

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