Phenothiazine conjugated bipyridine as ancillary ligand in Ru(II)-complexes for application in dye sensitized solar cell

Chandrasekharam, Malapaka; Rajkumar, Ganugula; Rao, Chikkam Srinivasa; Thogiti, Suresh; Reddy, Paidi Yella

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2011.04.001

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…1. The PTZEtv 2 bpy ligand was prepared via Wittig-Horner coupling of bipyridine di-phosphonate with the aldehyde, PTZEt-CHO [4]. The phosphonate was prepared by the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction with 4,4'-bis(bromomethyl)-2,2 0 -bipyridine, which was previously formed by bromination of 4,4 0 -dimethyl-2,2 0 -bipyridine with N-bromo succinimide (NBS) [20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phenothiazine moieties have previously been attached to ancillary ligands of bipyridines, terpyridine and phenanthroline via a non-conjugated or a pi-conjugated spacer/bridge [1][2][3][4]. The ruthenium complexes of such ligands formed Donor-ChromophoreAcceptor assemblies that create separated electron hole pairs for subsequent chemistry [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ruthenium complexes of such ligands formed Donor-ChromophoreAcceptor assemblies that create separated electron hole pairs for subsequent chemistry [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Such assemblies, either as dyads or triads, have been employed for photoinduced electron/energy transfer [2][3][4][5][6] complexes for solar fuel generation [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. One advantage of phenothiazine is the variable attachment sites to the assembly that may occur through one of the peripheral aromatic rings, the N-atom, or the S-atom [1][2][3][4]19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such assemblies, either as dyads or triads, have been employed for photoinduced electron/energy transfer [2][3][4][5][6] complexes for solar fuel generation [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. One advantage of phenothiazine is the variable attachment sites to the assembly that may occur through one of the peripheral aromatic rings, the N-atom, or the S-atom [1][2][3][4]19]. Herein, we report the spectral, electrochemical, and nanosecond transient absorption data of a ruthenium polypyridine dyad comprising phenothiazine with a conjugated linker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of a Ru polypyridine phenothiazine dyad

Kosgei

Livshits

Canterbury

et al. 2017

Inorganica Chimica Acta

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a b s t r a c tA bipyridine phenothiazine ligand [(PTZEtv 2 bpy) and metal complexes [Ru(Ph 2 phen) 3 ] 2+ (1), [(Ph 2 phen) 2 Ru(PTZEtv 2 bpy)] 2+ (2), and [(PTZEtv 2 bpy)(Ph 2 phen)Ru(dpp)] 2+ (3) were synthesized and characterized, where Ph 2 phen is 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, dpp is 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine and PTZEtv 2 bpy is 4,4 0 ethylene bridged phenothiazine 2,2 0 bipyridine. The reduction potentials of PTZEtv 2 bpy, 1, 2, and 3 were determined by cyclic and square wave voltammetric methods. The absorbance and emission spectra of complexes 2 and 3 yield intense, visible Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer (MLCT) transitions. The nanosecond transient absorption data indicate formation of both the 3 MLCT state and a ligand localized 3 PTZ state.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of a Ru polypyridine phenothiazine dyad

Kosgei

Livshits

Canterbury

et al. 2017

Inorganica Chimica Acta

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“…Sensitizers HRD2 [17] and K77 [18,19] have been reported wherein 4,4 -bis(2,4,6-trimethylstyryl)-2,2 -bipyridine (L1) and 4,4 -bis(4-tert-butoxystyryl)-2,2 -bipyridine (L2) serve as ancillary ligands respectively, and substantially increased molar extinction coefficient (ε) along with improved solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiencies (η) were obtained in DSSC devices. As a part of our ongoing program on synthesis of new materials and their photovoltaic performance evaluation in DSSC devices [8,17,[20][21][22][23][24], we envisaged that the design of new sensitizers with increased molar extinction coefficient, longterm durability, combined with broad absorption can be realized by substituting two thiocyanate anions of the black dye with electron donating conjugated bipyridine ligands. Thus, the terpyridine tricarboxylic acid strongly anchors on the semiconductor TiO 2 surface, while the bipyridine ligands with strong electron donating groups bring about the unidirectional electron flow for efficient electron injection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Molar Extinction Coefficient Ru(II)-Mixed Ligand Polypyridyl Complexes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Application

Chandrasekharam

Rajkumar

Rao

et al. 2011

Advances in OptoElectronics

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4 ), mLBD2 were synthesized and fully characterized by UV-Vis, emission, cyclic voltammogram, and other spectroscopic means, and the structures of the compounds are confirmed by 1 H-NMR, ESI-MASS, and FT-IR spectroscopes. The influence of the substitution of L1 and L2 on solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency (η) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was evaluated relative to reference black dye. The dyes showed molar extinction coefficients of 17600 M −1 cm −1 for mLBD1 and 21300 M −1 cm −1 for mLBD2 both at λ maximum of 512 nm, while black dye has shown 8660 M −1 cm −1 at λ maximum of 615 nm. The monochromatic incident photon-to-collected electron conversion efficiencies of 60.71% and 75.89% were obtained for mLBD1 and mLBD2 dyes, respectively. The energy conversion efficiencies of mLBD1 and mLBD2 dyes are 3.15% (J SC = 11.86 mA/cm 2 , V OC = 613 mV, ff = 0.4337) and 3.36% (J SC = 12.71 mA/cm 2 , V OC = 655 mV, ff = 0.4042), respectively, measured at the AM1.5G conditions, the reference black dye-sensitized solar cell, fabricated and evaluated under identical conditions exhibited η-value of 2.69% (J SC = 10.95 mA/cm 2 , V OC = 655 mV, ff = 0.3750).

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Development of a push–π–pull phenothiazine‐vinyl‐isophorone fluorophore: a novel solvatochromic and pH indicator

Alahmdi

2023

Luminescence

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Knoevenagel condensation of phenothiazine‐3,7‐dicarbaldehyde with an isophorone yielded a new phenothiazine derivative (PTZ‐c) fluorophore. The solvatochromic and pH‐sensing abilities of PTZ‐c, an asymmetric fluorophore with a single isophorone molecule, were shown to be exceptional. PTZ‐c produced very delicate absorbance and emission spectra. When the polarity of the solvent was increased, the PTZ‐c emission spectra showed greater sensitivity than the absorption spectra. Multiple spectroscopic techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry, were used to characterize the manufactured PTZ‐c sensor. To demonstrate the beneficial solvatochromic behaviour associated with intramolecular charge transfer, the absorption spectra of the synthesized DA PTZ‐c dye were analyzed in different solvents of varying polarity. Band intensity and the wavelength of PTZ‐c emission were also found to be highly solvent dependent. It was observed that when solvent polarity was increased to a maximum of 4122 cm−1, Stokes’ shift also increased. To analyze the Stokes' shift that depended on the solvent, a linear correlation between solvation and energy was used. An investigation of PTZ‐c quantum yield (ф) was also conducted. Both the absorbance and fluorescence spectra of the sensor in dimethylformamide as a function of pH were studied. A fluorescence peak was seen at 562 nm, whereas the greatest absorption wavelengths were found at 403 and 317 nm. It was shown that the pH‐sensing mechanism depended on protons removed from the PTZ‐c chromophore, which caused a colour shift and variation in both emission and colorimetric properties.

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Phenothiazine conjugated bipyridine as ancillary ligand in Ru(II)-complexes for application in dye sensitized solar cell

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of a Ru polypyridine phenothiazine dyad

Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of a Ru polypyridine phenothiazine dyad

High Molar Extinction Coefficient Ru(II)-Mixed Ligand Polypyridyl Complexes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Application

Development of a push–π–pull phenothiazine‐vinyl‐isophorone fluorophore: a novel solvatochromic and pH indicator

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