Phenotype and Metabolic Disorders in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Abstract

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrinopathies in women. Its incidence is assessed at 6–8% of the female population in the reproductive age. It is characterised by oligomenorrhea (Oligo), hyperandrogenism (HA), and the presence of polycystic ovaries (PCOs). Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is being disturbed in many women with PCOS. The pathogenesis of PCOS is still unexplained. Following the main criteria of diagnosis (Rotterdam Consensus 2003), Dewailly, Welt and Pehlivanov divided the patients with PCOS into 4 phenotype groups: A, B, C, and D. In our studies of 93 patients with PCOS, we found (1) the most frequent appearance (60,2%) of the phenotype A [Oligo + HA + PCO]; (2) an increased androstenedione concentration in a group with HA (A, B, C); (3) an increased HOMA-β and insulin concentration after 30 min an oral 75 g glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in a group of obese women with BMI > 30 kg/m2; (4) high levels of total testosterone, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol concentrations in a group A with classic phenotype of PCOS: Oligo + HA + PCO—increasing the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, or metabolic syndrome. The average androstenedione concentrations could be a good diagnostic and prognostic parameter.

The prevalence of metabolic disorders in various phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome: a community based study in Southwest of Iran

“…group A [2]; other researchers have also reported the worst disturbances [3, 32]. In a study from Greece, IR was higher among groups A and B, but had the lowest levels among group C (HA + PCO), it was concluded that group C had the lowest risk of cardiovascular diseases [20].…”

Metformin and pioglitazone combination therapy ameliorate polycystic ovary syndrome through AMPK/PI3K/JNK pathway

“…It is a complex and intractable disorder with psychological (increased anxiety, depression and worsened quality of life), reproductive (infertility, hyperandrogenism and hirsutism) and metabolic manifestations [insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and adverse cardiovascular risk profiles] (3). Due to menstrual disorders, hyperandrogenism and persistent anovulation, PCOS is considered to be the main cause of infertility in women (4). An estimate of 50-70% of women with PCOS have insulin resistance (5).…”

Looking at the Link between Diet and PCOS Onset and Management

“…Whether a balanced diet and a correct food processing can facilitate the right intake of phytates, however in many case a satisfying condition cannot be achieved in specific population sectors by these means. It is well known that, in agreement with the Rotterdam criteria, four different "discrete" phenotypes, or subsets, can be identified in PCOS women [31][32][33]. Therefore, we may allocate them in the following groups of subjects affected by two or three clinical and endocrine anomalies: The most common subset is the phenotype 1, with 60,2%, whereas the other groups showed respectively these frequencies: group 2 with 16,1%, 3 with 18,3%, and 4 with 5,4%.…”

“…Therefore, we may allocate them in the following groups of subjects affected by two or three clinical and endocrine anomalies: The most common subset is the phenotype 1, with 60,2%, whereas the other groups showed respectively these frequencies: group 2 with 16,1%, 3 with 18,3%, and 4 with 5,4%. [33]. In many of these subjects it may be necessary associating to a correct diet also the intake of dietary supplements containing inositol.…”