Phenotypic Analysis of Immunocompetent Cells in Healthy Human Dental Pulp

Gaudin, Alexis; Renard, Emmanuelle; Hill, Marcelo; Bouchet-Delbos, Laurence; Bienvenu-Louvet, Géraldine; Farges, Jean‐Christophe; Cuturi, Maria‐Cristina; Alliot‐Licht, Brigitte

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2015.01.005

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition high vascularity is needed to complete root formation at the eruption stage and CD146 is expressed in perivascular MSCs (Baksh et al, 2007). In our study hDPCs and cDPCs showed low reactivity toward the hematopoietic stem cell marker CD45 (leukocyte common antigen) and this agrees with previous data which indicated that DPCs were either negative for CD45 or expressed this marker at very low concentrations <1–2% of the cell population (Lindroos et al, 2008; Huang et al, 2009; Bansal and Jain, 2015; Isobe et al, 2015) It was reported that leukocytes represent <1% of dental pulp cell population after enzymatic digestion and harvesting (Gaudin et al, 2015) although early passages of heterogeneous stromal cell populations may still contain traces of a CD45 positive population. hDPCs and cDPCs did not express the endothelial cell marker CD31 and this also agrees broadly with other reports (Lindroos et al, 2008; Vishwanath et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Dental Pulp Cells Isolated from Teeth with Superficial Caries Retain an Inflammatory Phenotype and Display an Enhanced Matrix Mineralization Potential

et al. 2017

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We have isolated dental pulp cells (DPCs) from three healthy (hDPCs) and three carious (cDPCs) donors and shown that compared to hDPCs cells isolated from superficial carious lesions show higher clonogenic potential; show an equivalent proportion of cells with putative stem cell surface markers; show enhanced matrix mineralization capability; have enhanced angiogenic marker expression and retain the inflammatory phenotype in vitro characteristic of superficial caries lesions in vivo. Our findings suggest that cDPCs may be used for further investigation of the cross talk between inflammatory, angiogenic and mineralization pathways in repair of carious pulp. In addition cells derived from carious pulps (almost always discarded) may have potential for future applications in mineralized tissue repair and regeneration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Dental Pulp Cells Isolated from Teeth with Superficial Caries Retain an Inflammatory Phenotype and Display an Enhanced Matrix Mineralization Potential

et al. 2017

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“…Indeed, some endothelial cells are known to express CD146 and Stro-1, and natural killer cells and some lymphocytes may express CD56 (Shi and Gronthos, 2003; Woodfin et al, 2007; Crisan et al, 2008; Ge et al, 2013; Lv et al, 2014; Harkness et al, 2016; Melsen et al, 2016). Flow cytometry was recently used to characterize the various populations of immune cells present in the human DP with a strategy of progressive cell gating (Gaudin et al, 2015), and we designed in the present study a similar strategy to allow for the identification and quantification of DP-MSC subpopulations. We found that the CD31 − DP cell population, which represented more than 98% of the DP cells isolated with our protocol, contained about 1.4% of CD56 + cells, 1.5% of CD146 + cells, 2.4% of CD271 + cells, 6.3% of MSCA-1 + , but very few Stro-1 + cells (<0.3%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunophenotyping Reveals the Diversity of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In vivo and Their Evolution upon In vitro Amplification

Ducret

Fabre

Degoul³

et al. 2016

Front. Physiol.

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Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) from human dental pulp (DP) can be expanded in vitro for cell-based and regenerative dentistry therapeutic purposes. However, their heterogeneity may be a hurdle to the achievement of reproducible and predictable therapeutic outcomes. To get a better knowledge about this heterogeneity, we designed a flow cytometric strategy to analyze the phenotype of DP cells in vivo and upon in vitro expansion with stem cell markers. We focused on the CD31− cell population to exclude endothelial and leukocytic cells. Results showed that the in vivo CD31− DP cell population contained 1.4% of CD56+, 1.5% of CD146+, 2.4% of CD271+ and 6.3% of MSCA-1+ cells but very few Stro-1+ cells (≤ 1%). CD56+, CD146+, CD271+, and MSCA-1+ cell subpopulations expressed various levels of these markers. CD146+MSCA-1+, CD271+MSCA-1+, and CD146+CD271+ cells were the most abundant DP-MSC populations. Analysis of DP-MSCs expanded in vitro with a medicinal manufacturing approach showed that CD146 was expressed by about 50% of CD56+, CD271+, MSCA-1+, and Stro-1+ cells, and MSCA-1 by 15–30% of CD56+, CD146+, CD271+, and Stro-1+ cells. These ratios remained stable with passages. CD271 and Stro-1 were expressed by <1% of the expanded cell populations. Interestingly, the percentage of CD56+ cells strongly increased from P1 (25%) to P4 (80%) both in all sub-populations studied. CD146+CD56+, MSCA-1+CD56+, and CD146+MSCA-1+ cells were the most abundant DP-MSCs at the end of P4. These results established that DP-MSCs constitute a heterogeneous mixture of cells in pulp tissue in vivo and in culture, and that their phenotype is modified upon in vitro expansion. Further studies are needed to determine whether co-expression of specific MSC markers confers DP cells specific properties that could be used for the regeneration of human tissues, including the dental pulp, with standardized cell-based medicinal products.

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“…It is reasonable to speculate that rapid reactionary/reparative dentin formation is initiated, the quicker pulp healing occurs, and health is reestablished. So, from a clinical point of view, it appears crucial to identify molecular and cellular agents able to dampen immune/inflammatory events within the dental pulp and promote rapid return to tissue homeostasis and health once the bacterial infection is resolved [ 2 , 8 – 10 ]. Such agents should help to prevent the evolution of the pulp inflammation towards becoming chronic in nature.…”

Section: Odontoblasts In the Dental Pulp's Defence Against Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like peripheral organs and tissues such as skin, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs, healthy dental pulp contains sentinel leukocytes, which are able to biologically sample and respond to the local environment, including macrophages, DCs, and T cells [ 52 , 53 , 63 , 64 ]. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of enzymatically digested whole pulp tissue revealed that leukocytes represent ~1% of the total cell population in nonerupted human third molars [ 10 ]. Leukocytes in healthy tissue undertake immunosurveillance, that is, continuous sampling of their environment to sense microorganisms invading into the body.…”

Section: Response Of Pulp Immune Cells To Tooth-invading Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are reported to exhibit features characteristic of the adaptive immune response and they have recently been identified in healthy rat molar pulps [ 71 ]. We have now found that NK cells represented ~2.5% of leukocytes in human healthy pulp [ 10 ]. In addition, a subset of T cells known as natural killer T (NKT) cells has been detected in healthy rat pulp [ 71 ] and these cells are known to play a major role in the development of Th1 versus Th2 immune responses [ 72 ].…”

Section: Response Of Pulp Immune Cells To Tooth-invading Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dental Pulp Defence and Repair Mechanisms in Dental Caries

Farges

Alliot‐Licht

Renard

et al. 2015

Mediators of Inflammation

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363

281

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Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease resulting from the penetration of oral bacteria into the enamel and dentin. Microorganisms subsequently trigger inflammatory responses in the dental pulp. These events can lead to pulp healing if the infection is not too severe following the removal of diseased enamel and dentin tissues and clinical restoration of the tooth. However, chronic inflammation often persists in the pulp despite treatment, inducing permanent loss of normal tissue and reducing innate repair capacities. For complete tooth healing the formation of a reactionary/reparative dentin barrier to distance and protect the pulp from infectious agents and restorative materials is required. Clinical and in vitro experimental data clearly indicate that dentin barrier formation only occurs when pulp inflammation and infection are minimised, thus enabling reestablishment of tissue homeostasis and health. Therefore, promoting the resolution of pulp inflammation may provide a valuable therapeutic opportunity to ensure the sustainability of dental treatments. This paper focusses on key cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in pulp responses to bacteria and in the pulpal transition between caries-induced inflammation and dentinogenic-based repair. We report, using selected examples, different strategies potentially used by odontoblasts and specialized immune cells to combat dentin-invading bacteria in vivo.

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Phenotypic Analysis of Immunocompetent Cells in Healthy Human Dental Pulp

Cited by 42 publications

References 29 publications

Dental Pulp Cells Isolated from Teeth with Superficial Caries Retain an Inflammatory Phenotype and Display an Enhanced Matrix Mineralization Potential

Dental Pulp Cells Isolated from Teeth with Superficial Caries Retain an Inflammatory Phenotype and Display an Enhanced Matrix Mineralization Potential

Immunophenotyping Reveals the Diversity of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In vivo and Their Evolution upon In vitro Amplification

Dental Pulp Defence and Repair Mechanisms in Dental Caries

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