Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Vibrio viscosus sp. nov. and Vibrio wodanis sp. nov. isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with 'winter ulcer'.

Abstract

Two groups of

Previously unrecognised division within Moritella viscosa isolated from fish farmed in the North Atlantic

“…Although antigenic heterogeneity has been previously identified within Moritella viscosa , Heidarsdóttir et al 2008, little has been performed in the way of phenotypic and genetic comparison of this bacterium since the original species descriptions , Lunder et al 2000. Until the present study, only 2 M. viscosa 16S rRNA sequences (Lunder et al 2000, Colquhoun et , both from Norwegian farmed fish, were available in Genbank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), and intraspecies phenotypical differences were undocumented.…”

“…Western blotting. Samples were prepared for sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) as described by Lunder et al (2000), except that samples in the present study were not treated with proteinase K and were only heated at 37°C for 10 min. Antigens were separated by SDS-PAGE using the Amersham Pharmacia Multiphor II Flatbed Electrophoresis System and 8 to 18% precast gradient gels (ExcelGel SDS Gradient, 80-1255-53, Amersham Pharmacia) and subsequently transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (162-0234, Bio-Rad) using the method of Olsen & Wiker (1998).…”

“…Despite the widespread availability of commercial M. viscosa vaccines providing high levels of protection against experimental challenge, and increasing levels of field pro-susceptible to Moritella viscosa infection (Gudmundsdóttir et al 2006) and the bacterium has also been isolated from farmed cod (Colquhoun et al 2004), captive wild-caught plaice Pleuronectes platessa (Lunder et al 2000) and lumpsucker Cyclopterus lumpus , it is not yet clear whether it can be considered a true disease agent in these species. In experimental challenges, turbot Scophthalmus maximus and, to a lesser degree, Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus have been shown to be susceptible to infection with M. viscosa (Björnsdóttir et al 2004, Gudmundsdóttir et al 2006.…”

Endobiotic bacteria and their pathogenic potential in cnidarian tentacles

“…Jellyfish Cyanea lamarckii provides the natural habitat for Moritella viscosa, which causes necrotic ''winter ulcer'' in salmons (Lunder et al 2000;Heidarsdottir et al 2008), additionally Arcobacter butzleri, a human pathogen species (Carbone et al 2003;Gugliandolo et al 2007), and finally members of group #4 (see the previous paragraph). The Lions mane jellyfish C. capillata carries the haemolytic species Shewanella waksmanii, a member of group #3 (Ivanova et al 2003), and pathogenic endobionts of the already described Photobacterium profundum and the putatively pathogenic species of groups #1 and #4 (see the previous paragraph).…”

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of deep-sea bacteria isolated from intestinal contents of deep-sea fishes retrieved from the abyssal zone

“…2D2 , strains 16F1, 16H2, 36A1, 36B1, 36C1, 36G1, 38C1, 38F1, 47A1, 47B1, T4702, T4708, T4713, T4714, T4715, 56A1, T5603, T5606, T5607, T5609, T5611, T5612, T5613, T5614, T5616, T5619, and T5620] exhibited the highest levels of identity (96.9-98.5%) to the 6 Moritella species which were isolated from deep-sea water, mud, and sediment samples from depths of 1,200 m to 6,356 m (Hamamoto et al, 1995;Kato et al, 1995Kato et al, , 1998Saito and Nakayama, 2004) and from Atlantic salmon (Benediktsdóttir et al, 2000;Lunder et al, 2000) ( Fig. 1).…”