Phenotypic detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in village chickens from poultry markets in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Abstract

Objective: The study was carried out to detect the carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and their antimicrobial susceptibilities in village chickens sold at Maiduguri poultry markets using phenotypic characterization. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study where 120 samples comprised 50% each of Nasal and cloacal swabs, were, respectively, collected from live village chickens sold at Maiduguri poultry markets and examined for the presence MRSA based on bacterial culture, biochemical characteristics, growth on oxacillin resistant screening agar base, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Results: The study revealed an overall occurrence of 38.33% S. aureus and 32.60% MRSA, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out on MRSA positive isolates against seven antimicrobials. All the isolates (100%) exhibited resistance against cefoxitin, whereas the least antimicrobial resistance was recorded against erythromycin and streptomycin each with 26.6%, respectively. In the same way, the highest antibiotic susceptibility in this study was observed against erythromycin (60%) and least susceptibility was against vancomycin and streptomycin with 20% each. A varying intermediate antibiotic susceptibility ranging from 13.33% to 53.33% was observed. Multiple-drug resistance patterns were exhibited by MRSA isolates from this study with 73.3% of the isolates exhibiting resistance to two or more antibiotics. Conclusion: This study has shown the carriage of MRSA by village chickens which calls for serious public health concern and concludes that these birds might have acquired these pathogens from the environment or infected humans since they normally receive no less medical attention.

Exploration of erythromycin ribosomal methylase (erm) genotypes amongst D+ methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Sokoto, Nigeria

“…The present study showed that erythromycin, cefoxitin, and ceftazidime were the antimicrobial agents with the highest antibiotic resistance rates. This finding is similar to reports by others [13,20,21] . Erythromycin is an inexpensive and available antimicrobial agent in Nigeria [15] .…”

“…During the six-month study, from February to July 2018, 38 phenotypically confirmed MRSA strains that were isolated from the nasal swabs of consenting participants (eight inpatients, 11 outpatients, and 19 healthcare workers) after receipt of ethical approval from the review board of Sokoto State ministry of health under approval number SMH/1580/V.IV. Resistance to methicillin by the isolates was confirmed by the oxacillin resistance screening agar base test [12,13] .…”

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Human, Chicken and Environmental Samples within Live Bird Markets in Three Nigerian Cities

“…Poor hygiene and crowding facilitate the easy transmission and fast spread of pathogens via direct and indirect contact. Earlier studies have reported the presence of S. aureus , including MRSA, in live bird and chicken carcasses at poultry markets in Zaria [ 20 ] and Maiduguri [ 9 ] in northern Nigeria. A high prevalence (80.0%) of S. aureus was reported in samples from live chicken among small holder farms in Zaria [ 21 ], while Nworie et al [ 8 ] reported a low MRSA prevalence (0.8%) in poultry farms in Ebonyi State, southeastern Nigeria.…”

“…Regrettably, there are few data about MRSA, its molecular properties and the transmission routes, especially via meat production and marketing chains from low-income countries, like Nigeria. Earlier studies under separate investigations have documented the detection of MRSA in samples of human [ 6 , 7 ] and animal origin [ 8 , 9 ]. Continuous surveillance using the latest technology will provide in-depth analysis of MRSA profiles for a better understanding of the origins and dissemination patterns in human and animal populations across different geographical locations.…”

Characterization of Sunflower Oil Extracts from the Lichen Usnea barbata

“…Among the most important MDR bacteria, the “ESKAPE” group encompassing Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Enterobacter strains can escape the biocidal action of most antimicrobial agents [ 10 ]. In the poultry industry, a steadily increasing level of MDR bacteria has also been reported, for example of Escherichia coli [ 11 ], Campylobacter [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], Salmonella [ 15 , 16 ], and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) [ 17 , 18 ].…”