Phenytoin versus levetiracetam as prophylaxis for postcraniotomy seizure in patients with no history of seizures: systematic review and meta-analysis

Lee, Young Moo; Koo, Hae-Won; Han, Seong Rok; Choi, Chan Young; Sohn, Moon‐Jun; Lee, Chae Heuck

doi:10.3171/2018.4.jns1891

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Lorazepam, levetiracetam, valproate, lacosamide, topiramate, and thiopental have no reported interactions with the proposed antiviral therapy agents ( https://www.covid19-druginteractions.org/checker and https://www.who.int/ ). Ketamine may potentially be useful in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with resistant SE [ 69 ] to inhibit N -Methyl- D -Aspartate (NMDA) mediated spreading cortical depression [ 70 , 71 ].…”

Section: Cns Manifestations Associated With Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19

Divani

Andalib

Biller

et al. 2020

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Purpose of Review Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global health crisis of our time. The disease arises from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on host cells for its internalization. COVID-19 has a wide range of respiratory symptoms from mild to severe and affects several other organs, increasing the complexity of the treatment. There is accumulating evidence to suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can target the nervous system. In this review, we provide an account of the COVID-19 central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. Recent Findings A broad spectrum of the CNS manifestations including headache, impaired consciousness, delirium, loss of smell and taste, encephalitis, seizures, strokes, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neurogenic respiratory failure, encephalopathy, silent hypoxemia, generalized myoclonus, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and Kawasaki syndrome has been reported in patients with COVID-19. Summary CNS manifestations associated with COVID-19 should be considered in clinical practice. There is a need for modification of current protocols and standing orders to provide better care for COVID-19 patients presenting with neurological symptoms.

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Section: Cns Manifestations Associated With Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19

Divani

Andalib

Biller

et al. 2020

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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“…TBI, defined as “an alteration of brain function, or an evidence of brain pathology, that is caused by an external force” has a major impact on the military personnel and the civilian population as well [ 1 ]. The incidence of TBI is estimated to be 939 in 100,000 worldwide with the major causes being falls, vehicle accidents, wars, and sports [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The mortality rate of TBI worldwide is estimated to be between 7% and 23% with 90% of TBI-related deaths occurring in developing countries [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Traumatic Brain Injury: Definition and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TBI is mainly classified according to severity into severe, moderate, and mild TBI, most commonly using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) [ 9 ]. Mild TBI (mTBI), also known as concussion, affects about 740 per 100,000 people whereas severe TBI affects 73 per 100,000 people [ 2 ]. Post-concussive symptoms are regarded as transient and patients usually completely recover within three months [ 10 ].…”

Section: Traumatic Brain Injury: Definition and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Brain Injury: Oxidative Stress and Novel Anti-Oxidants Such as Mitoquinone and Edaravone

et al. 2020

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern worldwide and is classified based on severity into mild, moderate, and severe. The mechanical injury in TBI leads to a metabolic and ionic imbalance, which eventually leads to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a state of oxidative stress. To date, no drug has been approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of TBI. Nevertheless, it is thought that targeting the pathology mechanisms would alleviate the consequences of TBI. For that purpose, antioxidants have been considered as treatment options in TBI and were shown to have a neuroprotective effect. In this review, we will discuss oxidative stress in TBI, the history of antioxidant utilization in the treatment of TBI, and we will focus on two novel antioxidants, mitoquinone (MitoQ) and edaravone. MitoQ can cross the blood brain barrier and cellular membranes to accumulate in the mitochondria and is thought to activate the Nrf2/ARE pathway leading to an increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Edaravone is a free radical scavenger that leads to the mitigation of damage resulting from oxidative stress with a possible association to the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway as well.

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“…Hydrocephalus, first described by Hippocrates as early as the fifth century BCE, is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain either due to insufficient CSF reabsorption or CSF overproduction [ 1 ]. It is a significant public health concern estimated to affect 380,000 new individuals annually [ 2 ]. As a result, CSF diversion procedures such as ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) accrue a total cost of $2 billion nationwide [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current State of Clinical Trials Studying Hydrocephalus: An Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov

Abraham

Povolotskiy

Gold

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Introduction Hydrocephalus is a significant public health concern estimated to affect 380,000 new individuals annually. In addition, it exhibits an increasingly high financial burden for the healthcare industry. Clinical trials are the gold standard for evaluating preventative and therapeutic strategies to bring potential treatments to the forefront of clinical practice. Methods A study of the ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted in April 2019 to examine all current and previously reported clinical trials studying hydrocephalus. Studies were reviewed to extrapolate information to characterize the current state of research being conducted for hydrocephalus. Results In total, 80 clinical trials met inclusion criteria and were analyzed: 48.8% were observation and 51.2% were interventional. Of those, 55% have been completed while 30.0% are still recruiting, and 15.0% are not yet recruiting. The United States has the most clinical trials (42.0%) and a plurality of trials has a sample size of 0-50 participants. The majority of studies included only adults (53.8%). Of those studies, 54.0% were cohort and the majority were prospective (74.0%). Of the different types of hydrocephalus, normal pressure hydrocephalus and pediatric hydrocephalus have generated the most interest for research comprising a majority of the clinical trial registry. While 44 of the trials are complete, only 20 have published results in peer-reviewed literature highlighting the need for improvement in publishing study results even if the results of the trials are null. Conclusion Most clinical trials to date have pertained to the treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus and pediatric hydrocephalus. While great advancements have been made for the treatment of hydrocephalus, there remains much room for improvements in therapeutic interventional modalities as well as ensuring the reporting of all undertaken clinical trials.

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Phenytoin versus levetiracetam as prophylaxis for postcraniotomy seizure in patients with no history of seizures: systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Central Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19

Central Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19

Traumatic Brain Injury: Oxidative Stress and Novel Anti-Oxidants Such as Mitoquinone and Edaravone

The Current State of Clinical Trials Studying Hydrocephalus: An Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov

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