PHEVs as dynamically configurable dispersed energy storage for V2B uses in the smart grid

Abstract

Vehicle-to-building (V2B) provides an option to use the battery energy in electric vehicles to support loads in the power grid. Many researchers have shown that vehicle-togrid (V2G) has many potential benefits. But for various practical reasons wide application of this concept is envisioned on a 5-10 year time horizon. We have focused on V2B as a concept that is practically viable today and may be implemented on a 3-5 year time horizon. This paper aims at demonstrating the potential benefits of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) as dynamically configurable dispersed energy storage acting at the convergence of transportation and power system. A new parking facility as an energy exchange station called "smart garage" is discussed in this paper. Based on the availability analysis of smart garages, the benefits of using BEVs/PHEVs as energy storage for demand side management (DSM) and outage management (OM) are discussed in detail. A strategy to adopting BEVs/PHEV uses in the V2B mode under the peak load and outage condition is studied and demonstrated with test cases.

Deadline scheduling for large scale charging of electric vehicles with renewable energy

“…In [5], [6] the authors consider the management of EV charging with the potential speculation in the provision of additional regulation service required by renewable energy expansion and propose a rolling horizon look-ahead stochastic dynamic programming. The authors of [7] propose the idea of using parking facility as an energy exchange station called "smart garage" for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) applications. They demonstrate the benefits of using EVs as energy storage for demand side management.…”

Delivering Energy from PEV batteries: V2G, V2B and V2H approaches

“…This concept is an intermediate step between V2H and V2G but provides important advantages for PEVs and buildings owners [17]. Both can achieve savings in energy bill, especially in office buildings due to arrive and departure times of workers are known.…”

iEMS for large scale charging of electric vehicles: Architecture and optimal online scheduling

“…There is a growing literature on various aspects of the EV charging problem including the scheduling of chargers; see, e.g., [2,3,4,5,6,7]. Most reported work, however, focuses on residential charging scenarios that have somewhat different characteristics from that considered here where EVs are located and managed centrally.…”