Philippines’ Mangrove Ecosystem: Status, Threats and Conservation

Garcia, Kristine B.; Malabrigo, Pastor L.; Gevaña, Dixon T.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8582-7_5

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The country has a lush biodiversity, among 17 megadiverse countries of the world [13]. With an extensive coastline over 36,289 km long, the Philippines ranks 5th among the countries with the longest coastline in the world [6,7]. Mangroves along these coastlines provide various coastal resources that provide food and livelihood to many Filipinos.…”

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mangroves along these coastlines provide various coastal resources that provide food and livelihood to many Filipinos. At least fifty percent of the world's approximately 65 mangrove species are in the Philippines [6]. Moreover, based on the 2010 global mangrove forests distribution, Philippines ranks 15th of the most mangrove-rich countries in the world (6th in Asia).…”

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earliest estimate of the Philippine mangroves was in 1920s when the country had as much as 400,000 to 500,000 hectares. This area had declined by 1994, to an estimated 120,000 ha [5,6]. An estimate by the Forest Management Bureau in 2007 reported a substantial increase of the mangrove cover to as much as 247,362 ha.…”

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main contributors to the decrease of the mangrove forest cover in the Philippines were found to be due to both the natural and man-made causes. Threats to the Philippine mangroves are: aquaculture expansion, urban development, conversion to agriculture, overharvesting for industrial uses such as timber and charcoal, and climate change [6,15].…”

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alongside the expansion of these aquaculture areas have been the diminishment of the mangrove cover. Primavera conducted a correlation analysis of the decline of the Philippine mangroves with the increase of fish pond development from 1976 to 1994, showing that the main reason for the destruction of the mangroves is the construction of fishpond structures [6]. The development of the fishponds is not the only reason behind the destruction to the mangrove forest; the cutting and harvesting of mangrove trees for charcoal production and house construction is also significant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mangrove Forests Change and Impacts from Tropical Cyclones in the Philippines Using Time Series Satellite Imagery

2019

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The Philippines is rich in mangrove forests, containing 50% of the total mangrove species of the world. However, the vast mangrove areas of the country have declined to about half of its cover in the past century. In the 1970s, action was taken to protect the remaining mangrove forests under a government initiative, recognizing the ecological benefits mangrove forests can bring. Here, we examine two mangrove areas in the Philippines—Coron in Palawan and Balangiga-Lawaan in Eastern Samar over a 30-year period. Sets of Landsat images from 1987 to 2016 were classified and spatially analyzed using four landscape metrics. Additional analyses of the mangrove areas’ spatiotemporal dynamics were conducted. The impact of typhoon landfall on the mangrove areas was also analyzed in a qualitative manner. Spatiotemporal changes indicate that both the Coron and Balangiga-Lawaan mangrove forests, though declared as protected areas, are still suffering from mangrove area loss. Mangrove areal shrinkage and expansion can be attributed to both typhoon occurrence and management practices. Overall, our study reveals which mangrove forests need more responsive action, and provides a different perspective in understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of these mangrove areas.

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Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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