Philosophische Untersuchungen zu Raum, Zeit und Kontinuum

Brentano, Franz; Kastil, Alfred; Körner, Stephan

doi:10.28937/978-3-7873-2582-5

Cited by 147 publications

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“…Brentano emphasizes that the duration of a thing, its continued existence in time (as he also says), is to be understood as an internal change, as an alternation of its temporal determinations (Brentano 1976 p.100). The duration of the tone a has not only the ground that there is a certain distance between its first and last time-point and that it occupies all intermediate points but also that these time-points alternate as temporal properties of a. Newton, too, as was mentioned already, talks of a regularly flowing time by which he presumably means a continuous progress through the series of time-points.…”

Section: Duration and Temporal Alternationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ontology of Time and Hyperdynamism

Tegtmeier

2009

Int Ontology Metaphysics

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The three alternative ontological theories of time are introduced as well as the three basic temporal phenomena. The different ontological analyses by the different theories are compared and examined. A relational theory of time is advocated as a result of the examination, and an influential misrepresentation and emendation of it by McTaggart is criticized and diagnosed as hyperdynamism. Finally, the problem of the direction of time is addressed. The physicist's solutions are rejected, and an ontological solution is offered. Tasks and Tendencies in the Ontology of TimeThe ontologist looks for the most general classification of all existents, for categories. Basic categories are those of thing, property, relation, and fact. An ontologist must be able to tell for each object of knowledge to what category it belongs. To do this for temporal phenomena is the task of the ontology of time. Its history is dominated by an opposition between absolutist and relationist views. According to the latter, time has to be analyzed before all by the category of relation while the absolutists favor nonrelational categories viz. the categories of thing and of property. I will try to show that an absolutist view leads to a misguided hyperdynamism (most lucidly and consistently in Brentano) which serves to resolve the paradox of change discovered by Parmenides (see Tegtmeier 1999). The relationist avoids this paradox in the context of the problem of time. However, McTaggart has introduced hyperdynamism also into the relationist approach and thereby strongly influenced the contemporary discussion.

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Section: Duration and Temporal Alternationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ontology of Time and Hyperdynamism

Tegtmeier

2009

Int Ontology Metaphysics

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“…§ 1). 8 Franz Brentano (1976) criticizes the approach taken by Dedekind and Weierstrass to construct the continuum by using numbers, more precisely by means of the rational numbers and infinite sequences of rationals. The problems associated with the classical mathematical approach to the continuum can be demonstrated by one of Zeno's paradoxes, the Paradox of the Arrow (cf.…”

Section: The Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic theory of phenomenal time in GFO is abstracted from real-world entities and is inspired by ideas of Franz Brentano (1976); we refer to it as BT C . Figure 3 provides an overview of its relevant categories and relations, using for relations the mnemonic predicate names introduced in Section 7.…”

Section: Bt C -An Ontology Of Chronoids Boundaries and Coincidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A clear distinction between the mathematical rendering of continuous phenomena, e.g. in terms of the real numbers, and the actual phenomena themselves is an important inspiration to this work, primarily following corresponding criticism purported by Franz Brentano (1976). Chronoids have two extremal time boundaries, which is the second kind of entities in the domain of BT C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Axiomatic theories of the ontology of time in GFO

Baumann

Loebe

Herre³

2014

Applied Ontology

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Time is a pervasive notion of high impact in information systems and computer science altogether. Respective understandings of the domain of time are fundamental for numerous areas, frequently in combination with closely related entities such as events, changes and processes. The conception and representation of time entities and reasoning about temporal data and knowledge are thus significant research areas. Each representation of temporal knowledge bears ontological commitments concerning time. Thus it is important to base temporal representations on a foundational ontology that covers general categories of time entities.In this article we introduce and discuss two consecutive ontologies of time that have been developed for the top-level ontology General Formal Ontology (GFO). The first covers intervals, named chronoids, and time boundaries of chronoids, as a kind of time points. One important specialty of time boundaries is their ability to coincide with other time boundaries. The second theory extends the first one by additionally addressing time regions, i.e., mereological sums of chronoids.Both ontologies are partially inspired by ideas of Franz Brentano, especially from his writings about the continuum. In particular, we view continuous time intervals as a genuine phenomenon which should not be identified with intervals (sets) of real numbers. On these grounds the resulting ontologies allow for proposing novel contributions to several problematic issues in temporal representation and reasoning, among others, the Dividing Instant Problem and the problem of persistence and change.Following our general approach to ontology development, both ontologies are axiomatized as formal theories in first-order logic and are analyzed metalogically. We prove the consistency of both ontologies, and completeness and decidability for one. Moreover, standard time theories with points and intervals are covered by both theories.

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“…Our approach to space and time is based on the ideas of Brentano [6], who developed and elaborated Aristotle's remarks in the Physics about boundaries and continua. Chisholm [7], [8] is a first step towards int,erpreting Brentano's ideas in a formal manner, and this work is continued and extended in [20] and PA.…”

Section: Situoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gol

Degen¹,

Heller

Herre

et al. 2001

Proceedings of the International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems - Volume 2001

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Every domain-specific ontology must use as a framework some upper-level ontology which describes the most general, domain-independent categories of reality. In the present paper we sketch a new type of upper-level ontology, which is intended to be the basis of a knowledge modelling language COL (for: 'General Ontological Language'). It turns out that the upperlevel ontology underlying standard modelling languages such as KIF, F-Logic and CycL is restricted to the ontology of sets. Set theory has considerable mathematical power and great flexibility as a framework for modelling different sorts of structures. At the same time it has the disadvantage that sets are abstract entities (entities existing outside the realm of time, space and causality), and thus a set-theoretical framework should be supplemented by some other machinery if it is to support applications in the ripe, messy world of concrete objects. In the present paper we partition the entities of the real world into sets and urelements, and then we introduce several new ontological relations between these urelements. In contrast to standard modelling and representation formalisms, the concepts of GOL provide a machinery for representing and analysing such ontologically basic relations.

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Philosophische Untersuchungen zu Raum, Zeit und Kontinuum

Cited by 147 publications

References 0 publications

Ontology of Time and Hyperdynamism

Ontology of Time and Hyperdynamism

Axiomatic theories of the ontology of time in GFO

Gol

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