Phonological Description in New Spain

Smith-Stark, Thomas C.

doi:10.1075/sihols.109.03smi

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Carreño, 2011, p. 14). Este proceso se repite una y otra vez en la documentación colonial: inicialmente no existen convenciones ortográficas para sonidos nuevos o son inconsistentes, y poco a poco, con tiempo, empiezan a escribir caracteres nuevos más consistentemente (Calvo Pérez, 2005), muchas veces eventualmente llegando a sistemas relativamente buenos para la época (Smith- Stark, 2005), pero nunca de forma inmediata sin un período de aprendizaje.…”

Section: Discusión: Contexto Histórico Ortográficounclassified

Oclusivas complejas en el quechua de Domingo de Santo Tomás

Floyd

2021

Letras (Lima)

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Tradicionalmente, el quechua descrito por Domingo de Santo Tomás en 1560 se ha contrastado con el quechua cuzqueño por la ausencia de una representación ortográfica para oclusivas complejas y por la presencia de sonorización posnasal de oclusivas escrita como <b>, <d> y <g>. Previamente no ha sido posible explicar por qué el autor escribe estas letras con aparente irregularidad, usándolas en algunos casos, pero usando <p>, <t> y <c> en otros. Este estudio demuestra que dicha alternancia no es irregular, sino que el uso de <bdg> versus <ptc> corresponde regularmente a la distinción de oclusivas simples versus complejas en quechuas modernos que cuentan con estos sonidos, como el quechua cuzqueño-boliviano. Este resultado de alta significancia estadística sugiere que el quechua descrito por Santo Tomás sí tenía contrastes entre consonantes complejas y simples, y que la sonorización alofónica de oclusivas después de /n/ se limitaba a palabras con oclusivas simples. Tomando en cuenta que escritores españoles coloniales tardaban unas generaciones en lograr escribir sonidos de lenguas americanas que no existían en el español, se concluye que las aspiradas y ejectivas sí existían en el quechua descrito por Santo Tomás, pero que no se escribían todavía durante el siglo XVI, solamente desde inicios del siglo XVII. Esta evidencia ortográfica colonial que señala oclusivas complejas en un quechua hablado lejos de Cuzco indica que estos sonidos podrían ser retenciones antiguas en las lenguas quechuas.

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Section: Discusión: Contexto Histórico Ortográficounclassified

Oclusivas complejas en el quechua de Domingo de Santo Tomás

Floyd

2021

Letras (Lima)

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“…Furthermore, all authors consistently deployed a Castilian frame of reference to explain highland Mayan languages’ structure, vocabulary, and use (compare Zwartjes 2011, 11–12). As many scholars have noted, they typically framed presentations of the alphabet in terms of letters (and corresponding phonemes) that indigenous scripts lacked relative to Castilian (Chinchilla 1995, 123–124; Mignolo 1992a, 305–306; Smith‐Stark 2005, 34–35; e.g., Martínez 1565–1584, fol. 1r; Reynoso 1992[1644], 8).…”

Section: Ideology In Colonial Artes: Framing Writer and Speaker Throu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1700–1750, fol. 1r), for instance, elaborated in explicit detail how to pronounce <> because, he wrote, “I cannot find in Spanish or in Latin any term that is written or spoken with .” Authors often highlighted the gap between Spanish and highland Mayan languages with minimal phonological pairs (Smith‐Stark 2005, 43–45). Repetition of examples across artes alludes to the degree to which compilers borrowed from one another, as with the contrastive triplet ak (“pig”), aꜬ (“chicken”), and aƐ (“tongue”) cited in several Kaqchikel texts (e.g., Angel 1775, fol.…”

Section: Ideology In Colonial Artes: Framing Writer and Speaker Throu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The (often tacit) assumption that orthographic sections would be consulted in conjunction with a skilled speaker is perhaps most clearly underscored by the absence of explicit discourse on phonetics from many artes (compare Smith‐Stark 2005, 26–35). Of 17 artes of Mayan languages from the Guatemalan highlands that I examined for this study, seven lack even a brief section dedicated to the language’s alphabet or spelling practices (Table 1).…”

Section: Participation Through Alphabet: Modeling Ideal Linguistic Rolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Missionaries’ alphabetic metadiscourse reveals that they expected study of artes to be accompanied by consultation with a native speaker who would provide phonetic demonstration (compare Smith‐Stark 2005, 51–54; van Liere 2003, 1081–1086). Hence, Fray Damian Delgado (1725, fol.…”

Section: Participation Through Alphabet: Modeling Ideal Linguistic Rolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Letters of Conversion: Meta‐Alphabetic Discourse and Linguistic Participation in Colonial Highland Guatemala

Matsumoto

2021

J Linguistic Anthropol

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The alphabets that Spanish missionaries developed in the sixteenth century to record Amerindian languages were intimately tied to the evangelizing and civilizing projects of colonialism. This article highlights the consequences of missionaries’ alphabetic ideologies for engagement, in writing as well as speech, with native speakers of highland Mayan languages in Guatemala. In their alphabetic metadiscourse, missionaries juxtaposed Spanish‐speaking learners and indigenous speakers in different and unequal roles for linguistic participation. Through close examination of missionary sources, I demonstrate that missionary ideologies of written language not only articulated script with speech but also delineated knowledge circulation and shaped the power dynamics implicated in language’s actual use in colonial Guatemalan society.

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Mesoamerican mantic names as an etymological source of Mixtec vocabulary

Swanton

2024

Ancient Mesoam

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This article examines the word histories of 12 nouns (eight zoonyms, two other lifeform names, and two toponyms) in Mixtec, a shallow or emergent language family of Mesoamerica. It argues that these nouns—now morphologically opaque—are fused compounds that arose from the Mixtec vocabulary of the mantic count of 260 days, a temporal organization that was part of the common cultural heritage of pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican peoples. With the European colonization and persecution of Mesoamerican religious practices, the use of the mantic count was abandoned. It was at this time that the compounds would have been demotivated; that is, the internal morphological structure would have become inaccessible to speakers who could no longer relate it to the mantic cycle. This then enriched the lexicon, creating etymological pairs for the same, or similar, referents. It is suggested that the survival of the eight zoonyms may have to do with their use in the context of omens.

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Phonological Description in New Spain

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Oclusivas complejas en el quechua de Domingo de Santo Tomás

Oclusivas complejas en el quechua de Domingo de Santo Tomás

Letters of Conversion: Meta‐Alphabetic Discourse and Linguistic Participation in Colonial Highland Guatemala

Mesoamerican mantic names as an etymological source of Mixtec vocabulary

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